The number of hemodialysis patients and dialysis facilities is increasing each year, but there are no surveillance programs validating that the services and equipment of each hemodialysis unit meet specified safety and quality standards. There is a concern that excessive competition and illegal activities committed by some dialysis facilities may violate patients' right to health. Contrastingly...

There has been a lot of news coming out of Iraq in recent decades, but most of it ignores the situation for people on the ground: ordinary men, women and children who continue trying to live their lives in spite of wars, economic sanctions, violence, and social, political and cultural collapse. The challenges of maintaining and sustaining health in an environment where everything-the human spir...

Water scarcity is threatening social and economic growth in rural areas of developing countries. There are potential markets for water purification technologies in these regions. The main focus of this article is to evaluate the social, economic and political feasibilities of providing water purification technologies to rural areas of developing countries. The findings of this research can serv...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of domestic water purification units with respect to contaminating enteric viruses. METHODS Eight domestic water purification systems widely used in India were evaluated using hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a model virus. For HEV concentration and detection, membrane filtration and real-time PCR were used respectively. Viral log reduction value (LRV) was cal...

Mediterranean ecosystems support important processes and functions that bring direct benefits to human society. Yet, marine ecosystem services are usually overlooked due to the challenges in identifying and quantifying them. This paper proposes the application of several biophysical and ecosystem modelling approaches to assess spatially and temporally the sustainable use and supply of selected ...

The science of ecosystem service (ES) mapping has become increasingly sophisticated over the past 20 years, and examples of successfully integrating ES into management decisions at national and sub-national scales have begun to emerge. However, increasing model sophistication and accuracy-and therefore complexity-may trade-off with ease of use and applicability to real-world decision-making con...

FIFTY years ago sanitary engineering in this country scarcely existed, even in name. The larger cities were provided with public water supplies and there was a general desire among sanitarians to supply water free from filth. Sewers in combination with storm water drains.had been built in the larger communities to a limited extent for several decades. Some of the more progressive engineers were...

The medical directors of dialysis facilities have many operational clinic responsibilities, which on first glance, may seem outside the realm of excellence in patient care. However, a smoothly running clinic is integral to positive patient outcomes. Of the conditions for coverage outlined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, one most critical to quality dialysis treatment is the p...

Nickel based nano particles are metallic Ni and NiO. These materials find wide utility in various fields in view of their high surface potentials, surface area, semi conducting nature, reduction and complexing tendencies. The present review is mainly aimed at the investigations made in using these nano nickel particles as adsorbents in purifying water. The synthesis of nano particles of Ni/ NiO...

In regards of increasingly stringent rules on toxicity, prediction engines for potable water treatment have become a necessity. This particularly applies to oxidation steps, where micropollutants should be removed and where potentially harmful by-products may be formed, and has therefore lead to the building up of a new simulator for both chlorination and ozonation. This first report aims at gi...