The principal use of water by the petroleum refining industry in the United States of America is in the refining branch itself, and the present paper is concerned with problems arising from this use of water, and some of the measures being taken by the industry to solve these problems. The compilation oftheManualonDisposalof Refinery Wastes is briefly alludedto, and the importance ofrecirculati...

The combined sewer overflows (CSO) pollution has caused many serious environmental problems, which aroused a worldwide concern. Traditional interception-storage measures, exhibit the disadvantages of larger storage tank volume and low concentration, cannot efficiently control CSO pollution. To solve this problem, water quality-based double-gate strategy based on real-time (PBRTC) rule was propo...

Water resources are currently being contaminated as a result of the rapid rise industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and climate change. The biggest risk for many nations is lack clean, fresh water. focus attention numerous scientists governmental organizations have recently turned to water purification techniques. For efficient effective sanitization bodies, academics from all ov...

/ Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA, have agreed to reduce nutrient loadings to Chesapeake Bay by 40% by the year 2000. This requires control of nonpoint sources of nutrients, much of which comes from agriculture. Riparian forest buffer systems (RFBS) provide effective control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in some types of agricultural watersheds. Control of NPS pollution is depend...

Surface water quality models can be useful tools to simulate and predict the levels, distributions, and risks of chemical pollutants in a given water body. The modeling results from these models under different pollution scenarios are very important components of environmental impact assessment and can provide a basis and technique support for environmental management agencies to make right dec...

background: although lebanon is a highly polluted country, so far no study has specifically been designed to assess the association between outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in this country. objective: to assess the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in lebanon. methods: a pilot case-control study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals....

Groundwater is an important source of potable water because it is abundant and readily available in many locations and often requires little or no treatment. In 1995, groundwater accounted for approximately 20% of potable water use in the U.S., and approximately 50% of the U.S. population relied on groundwater for their source of drinking water. In most European countries, groundwater accounts ...

Diverse industrial wastes have aggravated the problem of water pollution. This problem becomes complex because of the non-degradability of inorganic pollutants like heavy metals. Metals have received particular attention among other non-degradable toxic chemicals because of their adverse effects on aquatic life forms. To control water pollution, the immediate problems have to be solved by adopt...