We report here on the manufacturing methods for emulsifier-free (EF-) oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, in which oil and water were mechanically mixed absence of any emulsifiers such as surfactants. A commercially available bath-type ultrasonic cleaner (Bath-US; 42 kHz, 26 W) did not disperse dodecane (DD) completely even by treatment 15 min, average diameter DD droplets EF-dodecane-in-water (DD/W)...

Garlic was fermented spontaneously in a water bath with temperature of 72 °C and relative humidity close to 90%. The fermentation periods were 0 (fresh garlic), 7, 14, 21 days. Several physicochemical properties: antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol, flavonoid content, pH, browning intensity determined. All the chemical properties black garlic increased significantly during fermentation, exce...

This study examined the immunological responses to cold exposure together with the effects of pretreatment with either passive heating or exercise (with and without a thermal clamp). On four separate occasions, seven healthy men [mean age 24.0 +/- 1.9 (SE) yr, peak oxygen consumption = 45.7 +/- 2.0 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)] sat for 2 h in a climatic chamber maintained at 5 degrees C. Before exposure...

Performance responses to steam flaking flint corn as well as to the addition of roughage to finishing diets composed of whole flint corn were evaluated. Ninety-six Nellore bulls were stratified by initial BW (373 ± 11 kg) and randomly allotted to 16 feedlot pens (6 bulls/pen) in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates/treatment. Dietary treatments for the 86-d feeding trial consist...