Pharmaceutical waste actually consists of several different streams that can damage the consistency and integrity chemicals, including medications. Many processes in healthcare institutions might produce pharmaceutical waste. This covers IV treatment, routine dispensing, breakage, partially used ampoules, needles, drips, outdated unused idle unit dosages, individual medications, Including, but ...

Waste water, spent solvents, and spent process solutions are the major waste streams generated in large volumes daily in electroplating plants. These waste streams must be sigdicantly reduced to prevent pollution and reduce end-of-pipe treatment cost. In this endeavor, a computer-aided tool, WMEP-ADVISOR, is developed for source reduction by resorting to artificial intelligence techniques. This...

This study presents a cost-minimization model for a multi-time-step, multi-type hazardous-waste reverse logistics system. A discrete-time linear analytical model is formulated that minimizes total reverse logistics operating costs subject to constraints that take into account such internal and external factors as business operating strategies and governmental regulations. Application cases are ...