In the previous article under the above title a brief introduction of two rare and most valuable medical manuscripts of the Qutub Shahi period viz. IKHTIYARAT-E·QUTUB SHAHI and RISAL-E-MEQDARIAH, was presented. Now, a brief not e on three such manuscripts is being presented in this article. The names of these manuscripts are TARJUMA-E-TAZKERAT-UL KEHHALEEN. ZUBDAT·UL-HIKAM and TIBB-E-FAREEO, wh...

the arabic language of the qur'an is an integral aspect of this revealed book. it is not only the content of the qur'an which has come from allah, the container is also divine and cannot be separated from the message. since the message has been sent to mankind, it has a clear human language as its vehicle of expression' but the very words and verses of the qur'an have no! be...

This paper is about improving the quality of Arabic-English statistical machine translation (SMT) on dialectal Arabic text using morphological knowledge. We present a light-weight rule-based approach to producing Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) paraphrases of dialectal Arabic out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and low frequency words. Our approach extends an existing MSA analyzer with a small number of...

Urdu is a challenging language because of, first, its Perso-Arabic script, second, its morphological system having inherent grammatical forms and vocabulary of Arabic, Persian and the native languages of South Asia and third, its pragmatically neutral constituent order (SOV Subject Object Verb). Today, the state of art technology to write grammars (morphology + syntax) is to use specialpurpose ...

BACKGROUND The composite abuse scale (CAS) is a comprehensive tool used to measure intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of the present study is to translate the CAS from English to Arabic. METHODS The translation of the CAS was conducted in four stages using a multi-method approach: 1) preliminary forward translation, 2) discussion with a panel of bilingual experts, 3) focus groups discus...

Khutbah is one the stipulated condition that distinguish Jumucah prayer from other obligatory five ritual daily prayers. By time Islam spread to what now known as Nigeria, used be rendered in Arabic without any attempt translate it local language. However, with passage of population Muslims continues increase. As a result that, there are agitations and counter-agitation on need either khutbah i...

Abstract The Chinese writer Lu Xun (1881-1936) is considered one of the most important writers in history literature. His works have been translated over years into many foreign languages, including Arabic. In addition to translating his works, researchers presented studies on thought and literature, Xun’s translations Arabic played an role introducing creativity even modern literature general,...