We inferred climate drivers of 20th-century years with regionally synchronous forest fires in the U.S. northern Rockies. We derived annual fire extent from an existing fire atlas that includes 5038 fire polygons recorded from 12,070,086 ha, or 71% of the forested land in Idaho and Montana west of the Continental Divide. The 11 regional-fire years, those exceeding the 90th percentile in annual f...

We construct quasiconformal mappings in Euclidean spaces by integration of a discontinuous kernel against doubling measures with suitable decay. The differentials of mappings that arise in this way satisfy an isotropic form of the doubling condition. We prove that this isotropic doubling condition is satisfied by the distance functions of certain fractal sets. Finally, we construct an isotropic...

The number of large slope failures in some high-mountain regions such as the European Alps has increased during the past two to three decades. There is concern that recent climate change is driving this increase in slope failures, thus possibly further exacerbating the hazard in the future. Although the effects of a gradual temperature rise on glaciers and permafrost have been extensively studi...

The authors present the central capacity sharing (CCS) model and derive equations describing its behaviors to explain results from dual-task situations. The predictions of the CCS model are contrasted with those of the central bottleneck model. The CCS model predicts all of the hallmark effects of the psychological refractory period (PRP) pardigm: -1 slope of the PRP effect at short stimulus on...

Stimuli that are clearly positive or negative (hence valence-laden stimuli) have the potential to interrupt unrelated task processing. A typical example is the emotional Stroop effect (ESE) in which responding to a certain task feature (e.g., color) is delayed by the presentation of task-irrelevant valent stimuli (e.g., negative pictures) compared to valence-neutral stimuli. Here we scrutinize ...

The theme of the present study is to stress the importance of duration of warm-up exercise on respiratory functions in athletes. Significant improvements in athletic performance was achieved due to warm-up exercise owing to increase in blood flow, muscle and core temperature. The optimum intensity and duration are required to bring about the desired warm-up. A close examination on respiratory f...

An alternative to the set hypothesis for warm-up decrement (WU) is proposed which states that WU is due to the loss over rest of an activity-set consisting of proper adjustment of activation, attention to relevant sources of feedback, etc. Force estimation (Exp. 1) and arm positioning (Exp. 2 and 3) were used as criterion tasks. During an interpolated rest period, activities were introduced whi...

[Purpose] This study examined whether low-frequency group exercise improved the motor functions of community-dwelling elderly people in a rural area when combined with home exercise with self-monitoring. [Subjects] The subjects were community-dwelling elderly people in a rural area of Japan. [Methods] One group (n = 50) performed group exercise combined with home exercise with self-monitoring. ...

This study aimed to assess the variation in growth patterns of the warm region breeds in response to the intermittent prolonged heat stress conditions. Three warm region breeds (Fayoumi, Sinai Bedouin and White Baladi) and a commercial broiler strain were brooded for 8 wks in two thermal (heating and nonheating) treatments. The target ambient temperature in the heating treatment was 35°C from h...

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the effects of moderate-intensity endurance exercise on cycling performance, gross efficiency, and 30-s sprint power output. METHODS Two separate experiments were conducted. After a controlled warm-up, subjects completed as much work as possible in a 5-min performance test (EXP1) or a maximal 30-s sprint test (EXP2). These initial exercise bouts were...