Objective: According to most studies, more than half of children exposed to war meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although we know that children are adversely affected by atrocities of war, we do not know which specific war events are associated with children’s stress reactions. For example, it is unclear whether differences exist in response to violent versus nonviolent w...

This article for the volume to be published on the occasion of the retirement of Dr. Winternitz as Professor of Pathology is one of the final entries of a journal that was opened under his instruction about thirty-five years ago. Although the writer, as a medical student and resident, had received unforgettably vivid teaching from Dr. Winternitz during the period from 1911 to 1915, the associat...

Russia's defeat in the Crimean War cast new doubt upon the fundamental political traditions, social structures, national myths of the Nikolaevan era. It precipitated wide-ranging reforms, including military reforms, which were predicated on a shift in mentality. This essay examines the new notions of heroism that circulated among Russia's emerging public sphere during and after the war. It anal...

We investigate long-run effects of World War II on socio-economic status and health of older individuals in Europe. We analyze data from SHARELIFE, a retrospective survey conducted as part of SHARE in Europe in 2009. SHARELIFE provides detailed data on events in childhood during and after the war for over 20,000 individuals in 13 European countries. We construct several measures of war exposure...

BACKGROUND Since the 1991 Gulf War concerns have been raised about the effects of deployment to the Gulf War on veterans' health. Studies of the reproductive health of Gulf War veterans have reported varied findings. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study of male Australian Gulf War veterans (n = 1,424) and a randomly sampled military comparison group (n = 1,548). The study was conducte...

Understanding how shocks to the technology of warfighting affect the probability a conflict devolves to war is central to many aspects of security studies. In the standard crisis bargaining model, changes to war payoffs have no effect on the equilibrium probability that bargaining ends in war. This neutrality result implies that shifts in military capabilities, as well as tools of statecraft su...

OBJECTIVE The greatest burden of oral diseases is on the socially marginalized population, such as those living in small villages and war areas. The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal conditions of people in post-war area villages in relation to oral hygiene, habits and war stress. METHODS The study was conducted on a sample of 282 subjects (mean age 41.5 +/- 17.8) in seven Vukov...

PURPOSE This article emerged from pilot research exploring experiences of war and suffering among African American veterans who served in World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam War. Men's experiences as soldiers reflected both racism and the social change that occurred in the Unites States while they served. DESIGN AND METHODS We used techniques of narrative elicitation, conducting qualitative...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether proportional cancer incidence is greater among Gulf War veterans compared with non-Gulf War veterans. METHODS Files obtained from the Defense Manpower Data Center included data for 621,902 veterans who were deployed to the Persian Gulf during the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War (August 2, 1990, to March 1, 1991) and 746,248 non-Gulf War veteran...