Prior sodium restriction cross-sensitizes rats to the psychomotor effects of amphetamines and vice versa. Repeated central injections of vasopressin (VP) induce a psychomotor sensitization similar to amphetamine sensitization and repeated sodium deficiency. Thus brain VP signaling may be a common mechanism involved in mediating these two motivational systems. In experiment 1, we tested the hypo...

The central claim of this dissertation is that an elliptical VP is a proform. This claim has two primary consequences: first, the elliptical VP can have no internal syntactic structure. Second, the interpretation of VP ellipsis must be governed by the same general conditions governing other proforms, such as pronouns. The basic condition governing the interpretation of a proform is that it must...

Little is known about the vestibulo-perceptual (VP) system, particularly after a unilateral vestibular lesion. We investigated vestibulo-ocular (VO) and VP function in 25 patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) acutely (2 days after onset) and after compensation (recovery phase, 10 weeks). Since the effect of VN on reflex and perceptual function may differ at threshold and supra-threshold accele...

Long-distance intercellular electrical signals, including variation potential (VP) in higher plants, are a potential mechanism of coordinate functional responses in different plant cells under action of stressors. VP, which is caused by damaging factors (e.g., heating, crushing), is transient depolarization with an irregular shape. It can include a long-term depolarization and fast impulse depo...

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide. Several novel small-molecule inhibitors of RSV have been identified, but they are still in preclinical or early clinical evaluation. One such inhibitor is a recently discovered triphenol-based molecule, VP-14637 (ViroPharma). Initial experiments suggested that VP-14637 acted early and might be an...

Resistance to etoposide (VP-16), amsacrine (mAMSA), and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was studied in two Chinese hamster cell lines primarily selected for resistance to the epipodophyllotoxin. Both lines demonstrated profound resistance to VP-16, and mAMSA stimulated DNA breakage. However, the resistance to mAMSA cytotoxicity in both lines was less than expected from the level of resistance to the e...

The effects of constrictor prostanoid (CP) pathway inhibitors on vascular reactivity to vasopressin (VP) and phenylephrine (PE) were examined in thoracic aortas of male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Maximal contractile response of control (Cont) aortas to VP was markedly higher in females (3,885 +/- 332 mg/mg ring wt) than in males (810 +/- 148 mg). Indomethacin ...

Resistance to etoposide (VP-16), amsacrine (mAMSA), and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was studied in two Chinese hamster cell lines primarily selected for resistance to the epipodophyllotoxin. Both lines demonstrated profound resistance to VP-16, and mAMSA stimulated DNA breakage. However, the resistance to mAMSA cytotoxicity in both lines was less than expected from the level of resistance to the e...

Indocyanine green (ICG) has been reported as a potential near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However the application of ICG-mediated PDT is both intrinsically and physiologically limited. Here we report a combination of ICG-PDT with a chemotherapy drug etoposide (VP-16), aiming to enhance the anticancer efficacy, to circumvent limitations of PDT using I...

Exit block from a parasystolic focus is recognized when automatic discharges fail to become manifest during the excitable phase of the ventricular cycle. In the present study, an apparently complete exit block and a persistently concealed ventricular parasystole (VP) resulted from an exit refractory period (ExRP) longer than the sinus cycle length. Slowing of the heart rate caused the concealed...