A fast-response and scattering-free polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) light modulator is demonstrated at k1⁄4 1.06 lm wavelength. A decay time of 117 ls for 2p phase modulation is obtained at 70 C, which is 650 faster than that of the host nematic LCs. The major tradeoff is the increased operating voltage. Potential applications include spatial light modulators and adaptive optics. VC 2011 ...

LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS Ey Hz H h k ^-component of electric field strength, z-component of magnetic field strength. Height of aperture. Height of source slot above guiding surface. Phase constant for free space. kx = Decay constant of surface wave. V(h) = Voltage across slot at height h. x,y,z = Rectangular co-ordinates. Phase-change coefficient in ^-direction. Phase-change coefficient of sur...

The article discusses application of AC/DC/AC converter cooperating with an induction generator in small hydroelectric power plants. The induction generator works with power grid or a separated group of receivers, enabling to generate power even at low speeds of the turbine. The article provides also results of the investigation concerning the functioning of the generator coupled with AC/DC/AC ...

Voltage-dependent charge movements were measured in the rat omohyoid muscle with the three-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Contraction was abolished with hypertonic sucrose. The standard (ON-OFF) protocol for eliciting charge movements was to depolarize the fiber from -90 mV to a variable test potential (V) and then repolarize the fiber to -90 mV. The quantity of charge moved saturated ...

The objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the "creep currents" induced by Na loading of single frog atrial cells (Hume, J. R., and A. Uehara. 1986. Journal of General Physiology. 87:833) may be generated by an electrogenic Na/Ca exchanger. Creep currents induced by Na loading were examined over a wide range of membrane potentials. During depolarizing voltage-clamp pulse...

The ionic conductance mechanisms underlying action potential behavior in GH3 and GH4/C1 rat pituitary tumor cell lines were identified and characterized using a patch electrode voltage-clamp technique. Voltage-dependent sodium, calcium, and potassium currents and calcium-activated potassium currents were present in the GH3 cells. GH4/C1 cells possess much less sodium current, less voltage-depen...