Developing young children's vocabulary is essential for later reading success; thus, early childhood classrooms require a comprehensive approach that teaches academic vocabulary. Yet even providing children with child-friendly definitions of sophisticated words can be challenge. First, the authors outline components program children. Second, they review research evidence on importance direct in...

Software designers rely on informal patterns, or idioms, to describe the architectures of their software systems—the configurations of components that make up the systems. My purpose here is to reflect on the role these patterns play in software design. I am particularly interested in the ways that informal patterns shape the configurations. These patterns determine how separate parts are combi...

the purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, l2 vocabulary knowledge, and l2 vocabulary learning strategies of iranian efl learners. to this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s l2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. at the second stage, ...

abstract the present study aims at analyzing efl learners’ attitudes towards motivating factors in learning vocab-ulary. a mixed-methods approach was used to conduct the study. in the qualitative analysis, iranian efl learners’ attitudes towards learning vocabulary were investigated through a semi-structured interview en-compassing 36 participants. subsequently, a 56-item ‘motivation for voca...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of blended learning and multimedia software on iranian esp students' vocabulary learning. to this end, 120 iranian esp learners were assigned to two groups: the experimental and control groups. the experimental group received instructions through multimedia software while the control group received traditional instructions. the data were c...

We address the problem of open-vocabulary object retrieval and localization, which is to retrieve and localize objects from a very large-scale image database immediately by a textual query (e.g., a word or phrase). We first propose Query-Adaptive R-CNN, a simple yet strong framework for open-vocabulary object detection. Query-Adaptive RCNN is a simple extension of Faster R-CNN from closedvocabu...

The mental lexicon plays a central role in reading comprehension (Perfetti & Stafura, 2014). It encompasses the number of lexical entries in spoken and written language (vocabulary breadth), the semantic quality of these entries (vocabulary depth), and the connection strength between lexical representations (semantic relatedness); as such, it serves as an output for the decoding process and as ...

Purpose – Seeks to share with digital library practitioners the development process of an online image collection that integrates the syndetic structure of a controlled vocabulary to improve end-user search and browse functionality. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys controlled vocabulary structures and their utility for catalogers and end-users. Reviews research literature and usability fin...

There is insufficient rigorous research examining which features of EFL/ESL learners’ writing can be improved through their awareness/knowledge of collocation. This study, therefore, addressed this issue and examined the effect of this awareness on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance with respect to the specific features of each writing sub-component (i.e., content, organization, vocabula...

this study aims at investigating a sexual vocabulary in qur’an, by clarriffaying ephemestic styles, adopted in “qur’an”, to refer to the taboo vocabulary, the study depends on “kashaaf” of “al zamakhshary”. the study results in the facts that sexual vocabulary, from the majority of the taboo words. these vocabularies may have close or distint meaning in relation to the taboo words. thus, the me...