Understanding the chemical nature of biomarkers and their interaction with host environment is critical to both development implementation diagnostic tools therapeutics. Human lipoproteins, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) low-density (LDL), are important carrier molecules for transporting cholesterol other lipid organs where they can be processed. These lipoproteins have more recently be...

Although triglyceride-rich particles, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), contribute significantly to human atherogenesis, the molecular basis for lipoprotein-driven pathogenicity is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in macrophages, VLDL functions as a transcriptional regulator via the activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor . The signaling co...

Dyslipidemia has been widely proven to contribute to cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic disorders, especially in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The overproduction of VLDL is a significant characteristic of dyslipidemia, indicating the dysfunction of hepatic lipid metabolism, from triglyceride synthesis to transport. The fructose-fed Syrian golden hamster is an established anim...

Insulin plays a central role in regulating energy metabolism, including hepatic transport of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated triglyceride. Hepatic hypersecretion of VLDL and consequent hypertriglyceridemia leads to lower circulating high-density lipoprotein levels and generation of small dense low-density lipoproteins characteristic of the dyslipidemia commonly observed in metabo...

The nuclear liver X receptor (LXR) regulates multiple aspects of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), and carbohydrate metabolism. Activation of LXR induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) resulting in hepatic steatosis in mice. Pharmacological LXR activation has also been reported to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in diabetic ro...

We have previously shown that sex and obesity independently affect basal very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) kinetics. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia on VLDL-TG kinetics in lean and obese men and women (n = 6 in each group). VLDL-TG kinetics were measured during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during glucose infusion (5....

CONTEXT Long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estradiol (E(2)) is associated with an altered lipid profile including unfavorable increases in triglyceride (TG) concentrations and augmented hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG production. There are indications that this effect of estrogens may be immediate. OBJECTIVE To study the in vivo effect of a single dose of E(2) on ...

To characterize lipoprotein uptake by macrophages, we studied J774 murine macrophage-derived cells. Uptake of 125I-labeled beta-VLDL and 125I-labeled chylomicron remnants was saturable, specific, and of high affinity. Maximal specific uptake and the concentration at which half-maximal uptake occurred were similar for both beta-VLDL and chylomicron remnants. Specific uptake of 125I-labeled chylo...

To investigate the role in lipoprotein metabolism of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) secreted by tissues, we established two cell lines. Fusion plasmids containing either human LPL cDNA or antisense LPL cDNA under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, designated as CHO-LPL and CHO-anti-LPL, respectively. CHO-LPL constitutively produced a high ...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic derangements. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in MetS and is related to atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in MetS (MetS-VLDL) may induce atrial dilatation and vulnerability to AF. VLDL was therefore separated from normal (normal-VLDL) and MetS individuals. Wild type C57BL/6 male mic...