Plants engage in diverse and intimate interactions with unrelated taxa. For example, aboveground floral visitors provide pollination services, while belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance nutrient capture. Traditionally in ecology, these processes were studied in isolation, reinforcing the prevailing assumption that these above- and belowground processes were also functionally d...

Introduction. By applying the visitor and resident framework on e-book usage, the article explores whether the concepts of a resident and a visitor can help to explain e-book use, and can help to gain a better insight into users' motivations for e-book use. Method. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted with users of the Social Science Faculty Library, at the University o...

It is generally acknowledged that innovation is an important source for competitive advantage among tourism destinations. The goal of this study was to identify and assess the nature of innovation by American convention and visitors bureaus. In particular, this study examined the extent, timeliness, and continuity of innovation in Web marketing efforts and the perceived contribution of this inv...

This paper describes a research project aiming at realizing a personal electronic guide for a museum visitor. The basic idea is to provide the visitor with the information regarding the work of art she/he is currently looking at. To this aim, we designed a multi-agent architecture, called KORE , which, given that the visitor is equipped with a handheld device (i.e. a Java-enabled PDA or cellula...

In the United States, legislation dictates that wilderness areas should be managed to, among other things, provide recreational visitors with opportunities for solitude. The growing popularity of outdoor recreation in backcountry settings presents managers with challenges in their efforts to achieve this objective. Recent research suggests that computer-based simulation modeling is an effective...

An increasing number of museums and cultural institutions around the world use personalized, mostly mobile, museum guides to enhance visitor experiences. However since a typical museum visit may last a few minutes and visitors might only visit once, the personalization processes need to be quick and efficient, ensuring the engagement of the visitor. In this paper we investigate the use of indir...

We describe how to express homomorphic translations with an object-oriented design. This includes a uniform approach to the addition of external functionality to data structures. We present the tradeoffs of distributing intrinsic and extrinsic properties to data structures and external functions respectively. A mini-architecture (design pattern) for the emulation of multidispatching functions i...

To what extent can design patterns be turned into reusable, off-the-shelf components, taking advantage of advanced language features? We reviewed the patterns described in the book Design Patterns by Gamma et al. [5], and established a new classification of these patterns by level of “componentizability” (possibility to transform a design pattern into a reusable component) [1]. This article rep...

In this paper we present an alternative to the VISITOR pattern, DYNAMIC DISPATCHER, that can be applied to extend existing software in a nonintrusive way, and which simulates covariant overriding of visit methods. It allows to express polymorphic operations through visitor classes in a more natural way than the original VISITOR pattern. Our solution DYNAMIC DISPATCHER can be applied without tou...

This paper is concerned with the application of context -aware computing to museums and art galleries. The paper reports three studies addressing this issue. The first study involved a survey of visitors to an art gallery and focused on visitor activity and information requirements. This led to the conclusion that one could define visitor types and relate these to the amount, and level of detai...