This paper characterized bovine extraocular muscles (EOMs) using creep, which represents long-term stretching induced by a constant force. After preliminary optimization of testing conditions, 20 fresh EOM samples were subjected to four different loading rates of 1.67, 3.33, 8.33, and 16.67%/s, after which creep was observed for 1,500 s. A published quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) relaxation fun...

The mechanical testing of thin layers of soft materials is an important but difficult task. Spherical indentation provides a convenient method to ascertain material properties whilst minimising damage to the material by allowing testing to take place in situ. However, measurement of the viscoelastic properties of these soft materials is hindered by the absence of a convenient yet accurate model...

We consider a quasistatic frictionless contact problem for an electro-viscoelastic body with damage. The contact is modelled with normal compliance. The adhesion of the contact surfaces is taken into account and modelled by a surface variable, the bonding field. We derive variational formulation for the model which is in the form of a system involving the displacement field, the electric potent...

We perform analytical and numerical studies of aftershock sequences following abrupt steps of strain in a rheologically layered model of the lithosphere. The model consists of a weak sedimentary layer, over a seismogenic zone governed by a viscoelastic damage rheology, underlain by a viscoelastic upper mantle. The damage rheology accounts for fundamental irreversible aspects of brittle rock def...

Often, time dependent and dissipative material behaviour is observed simultaneously with load depending stiffness reduction. For example, filled elastomers and biological tissues belong to this class of materials. Both phenomena, i.e. viscoelasticity and damage, are incorporated into a formulation of finite strain elasticity. The phenomena either can be used together or one or the other feature...

Abstract In the near future, world of civil and building engineering will be dominated by advent bio-materials. Even road paving sector is involved in transition towards more sustainable solutions, promoting at same time environmental benefits economic savings. Currently, one main goals to ensure that bio-binders offer good performance, least comparable with offered conventional materials. last...

In this contribution, a probabilistic micromechanics damage framework is presented to predict the macroscopic stress–strain response and progressive in unidirectional glass-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites. Motivated by different failure modes observed experimentally, mechanism vicinity of fibers (namely, interphase) characterized initiating growing voids. The mechanisms can be formu...

Peridynamics (PD) is a nonlocal continuum theory based on integro-differential equations without spatial derivatives. The elongation fracture criterion is implicitly incorporated in the PD theory, and fracture is a natural outcome of the simulation. On the other hand, a new fracture criterion based on the crack opening displacement combined with peridynamic (PD-COD) is proposed. When the relati...