Francis Bacon’s natural philosophy contains a whole series of interconnected concepts related to extension, such as “borders,” “leaps” and “orbs of virtue”. These Baconian concepts are still not fully understood and are in need of a detailed analysis. They do not derive from a general conception of (homogeneous) space, and are not explainable in terms of parts of matter and aggregates. Instead,...

In this paper, we embark on the complicated discussion about nature of vice in Virtue Ethics through a twofold approach: first, by taking seriously claim that virtues (and certain flavours vices) are genuinely dispositional features possessed agents, and secondly, employing pluralistic attitude borrowed from Battaly’s pluralism (2008). Through these lenses, identify three varieties viciousness:...

Self-administered rewards are ubiquitous. They serve as incentives for personal accomplishments and are widely recommended to increase personal motivation. We show that in a model with time-inconsistent and reference-dependent preferences, self-rewards can be a credible and effective tool to overcome self-control problems. We also discuss the different types of self-rewards the individual can u...

After centuries of obscurity, the study of the virtues is now one of the most prominent methodologies in ethics. Proponents of this so-called ‘aretaic turn’ differ substantially in the details of their respective proposals, but they tend to see a renewed focus on ethical virtues as a fresh source of insight into problems which have deadlocked more familiar approaches, such as Kantianism or util...

The pressure to individuate propositions more finely than intensionally – that is hyperintensionally – has two distinct sources. One source is the philosophy of mind: one can believe a proposition without believing an intensionally equivalent proposition. The second source is metaphysics: there are intensionally equivalent propositions such that one proposition is true in virtue of the other bu...

Strengthening institutions in spot and derivative markets for commodities is a necessary ingredient of the liberalisation process in agriculture, and can impact upon the lives of millions. In this paper, we describe the existing market design prevalent on both the spot and the futures markets. We show some evidence on the role played by the nascent futures markets in price discovery. We documen...