Our studies confirmed the susceptibility of Macaca radiata (bonnet macaques) to Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) and enabled us to demonstrate KFD virus-specific gastrointestinal and lymphoid lesions. Significant histopathological changes occurred in the small and large intestine, spleen and lymph nodes; and viral antigens were found in these same organs by immunohistochemistry. Viral antigen-posi...

Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities consignments of lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus imported from Norway. Following suspicion infection with virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided...

Viral infection activates cytokine expression and triggers cell death, the modulation of which is important for successful pathogenesis. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis dependent on two related RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-containing signaling adaptors, receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIP) 1 and 3. We find that murine cytomegalovirus infection induces RIP3-dependent...

BACKGROUND Acute retinal necrosis is a rare but devastating ocular condition. We report two cases of acute retinal necrosis in immunocompetent patients, complicated by cystoid macular oedema and treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (OZURDEX®) implant. RESULTS Two patients diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis were treated with intravenous acyclovir. Both of them developed cystoid macular o...

ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort) has been identified as one of the respiratory bacterial pathogens in turkey and chicken flocks. four live birds displaying severe torticollis were submitted from a 13-week-old commercial broiler breeder chicken flock located in mazandaran province. these birds were suspected to pasteurellosis by the farm veterinarian. no other marked gross lesion except em...

following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

background and objectives: multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. this is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. however, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. myelin expression in the liver of transgenic mice suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. ...

The major slow viral infections discovered in man manifest themselves in chronic neurological disease. Studies of these diseases have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus persistence in the central nervous system. Findings are summarized from recent investigations on such slow viral infections as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath...

Neurotropic viruses cause a number of important infectious syndromes including encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, and radiculopathy. In this review, the biology of conventional and unconventional viruses is examined. The host immune response to viruses is discussed, and patterns of viral pathogenesis are explained. The clinical features, laboratory findings, management of important viral infec...