Studies of the response of the immune system to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during primary infection have shown that a subpopulation of CD8(+) T-cells with an activated phenotype and reduced expression of the CD8β chain (denoted CD8β(low) T cells) expands to reach up to 80% of the total CD8(+) T cell count. The expansion of this subpopulation is considered to be a signature of FIV and a...

One of the extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus is polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). It may involve medium- and small-sized arteries in any organ. Concurrency of these two diseases may be life threatening and both should be treated. Herein, we report on a patient with severe PAN and high hepatitis B virus load. The patient was an 18-year-old boy with multiple progressive wounds in the sk...

To contain the SARS-CoV-2 infection a number of measures including vaccination had taken to reduce virus transmission and mortality. Protection from viral is mainly achieved by virus-neutralizing antibodies which are produced after or vaccination. But what degree these can induce production neutralizing poorly understood. determine development IgG antibody against spike protein A prospective st...

Background: The administration of the third (or booster) dose COVID-19 vaccine is important in maintaining protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or severity disease. In Indonesia, health care workers (HCWs) are among first to receive a booster vaccine. this study, we evaluated antibody response and adverse events following heterologous using mRNA-1273 HCWs that were fully vaccinated with inac...

reye's syndrome is defined as fatty liver degeneration and acute encephalopathy following diffused abnormal mitochondrial activity. we reported a two year old girl admitted with lethargy and meningismus despite no evidence of blood sugar decrease, history of previous viral disease or drug use, complete tests showed reye syndrome as the final diagnosis. conservative protocols and treatment inclu...

elevated serum level of bilirubin is a common manifestation which is occurred in several diseases. hyperbilirubinemia can manifest either conjugated or unconjugated. conjugated or direct hyperbilirubinemia usually are caused by hepatocellular diseases or cholestatic liver diseases. merely conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is the main manifestation of two congenital syndromes, including dubin-johnso...

background: hepatitis activity index (hai) and fibrosing stage are two important findings during the evaluation of liver samples in patients with chronic hepatitis b. the aim of this study was to determine the hai and fibrosing stage in patients with anti-hbe positive chronic hepatitis b. methods: liver biopsy slides of 72 patients were evaluated at the department of pathology in two teaching h...