Although the etiology of varicose veins remains unknown, recent studies have focused on endothelial cell integrity and function because the endothelium regulates vessel tone and synthesizes many pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence involving the endothelium in the development of varicose vein disease. In addition, tissue remodeling was invest...

Introduction To enhance slower arterial flow as well as faster flow without increasing imaging time, we have proposed a new MRA technique named hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA (HOP-MRA) that combined standard TOF white-blood (WB) MRA with the flow-sensitive black-blood (FSBB) sequence, resulting in excellent visualization of slow-flow vessels, as compared to the MTC-TOF MRA technique [1,2]. How...

Abstract The beams of fast runaway electrons (RE), which are often produced during tokamak discharges, particularly dangerous and can induce serious damages the vacuum vessel internal components machine. proper diagnostics RE is essential for controlling discharge, e.g., by early mitigation disruptions potentially beams. usually based on measurements radiation emitted either these electrons, or...

• Vulnerability to cavitation and conductive efficiency depend on xylem anatomy. We tested a large range of structure-function hypotheses, some for the first time, within a single genus to minimize phylogenetic 'noise' and maximize detection of functionally relevant variation. • This integrative study combined in-depth anatomical observations using light, scanning and transmission electron micr...

Twenty two cases of colorectal mucosal prolapse from a variety of clinical situations were examined histologically to identify changes in the microvasculature which may predispose to ulceration. The findings were compared with 10 tubular adenomas and 10 hyperplastic polyps. Fibrin insudation into vessel walls and thickened mucosal vessels were significantly associated with the presence of ulcer...

Following an injury to the walls of a blood vessel, platelet aggregation and blood coagulation are induced. Through a series of enzymatic and biochemical interactions, a blood clot is formed. Using ordinary differential equations with mass action and Michaelis-Menton kinetics to describe these interactions and computer programs like Fortran and Matlab, we are able to model blood clot formation ...