An important element of mating in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles in nature is the crepuscular mating aggregation (swarm) composed almost entirely of males, where most coupling and insemination is generally believed to occur. In this study, we mathematically characterize the oscillatory movement of male An. gambiae in terms of an established individual-based mechanistic model that pa...

Recent work has developed a new framework for the impact of vertical wind shear on the intensity evolution of tropical cyclones. A focus of this framework is on the frustration of the tropical cyclone’s power machine by shearinduced, persistent downdrafts that flush relatively cool and dry (lower equivalent potential temperature, θe) air into the storm’s inflow layer. These previous results hav...

Wind velocity distribution and the vortex around the wind turbine present a significant challenge in the development of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). This paper is intended to investigate influence of tip vortex on wind turbine wake by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this study, the number of blades is two and the airfoil is a NACA0021 with chord length...

In the North Sea, an array of wind profiling wind lidars were deployed mainly on offshore platforms. The purpose was to observe free stream winds at hub height. Eight lidars were validated prior to offshore deployment with observations from cup anemometers at 60, 80, 100 and 116 m on an onshore met mast situated in flat terrain. The so-called “NORSEWInD standard” for comparing lidar and mast wi...

Accurately predicting the timing and location of tornadoes with lead times of more than a few tens of minutes will continue to be difficult, despite recent advances in numerical weather prediction. Tornadoes and the associated thunderstorms are smallscale phenomena, and the theory of chaos strongly suggests that such events will have a very short period of predictability (Lorenz 1969; Islam et ...

We investigated whether vertical-shear disparity was extracted from the whole visual field or from a more local area and how global estimates of vertical disparity are derived. We also investigated the role of cyclovergence in processing shear disparity. Random-dot stereoscopic displays in various configurations were presented with horizontal-shear disparity, vertical-shear disparity or same-si...

The growth of the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) is forced mostly by buoyancy production at the surface. However, wind shear has a significant impact on the turbulence structure within the CBL and can contribute significantly to CBL growth when mean winds or wind shear in the lower atmosphere are strong and buoyancy flux from the surface and stratification in the free atmosphere ab...

[1] In March 2004 the first-ever reported hurricane in the South Atlantic hit southern Brazil. Here we show that Catarina initiated as an extratropical cyclone in a frontal system, undergoing Tropical Transition two days later under persistent low vertical wind shear over near-average water temperatures. The trajectory derived from an automatic tracking scheme showed a rare loop before the cycl...