Climate warming affects permafrost soil carbon pools in two opposing ways: enhanced vegetation growth leads to higher carbon inputs to the soil, whereas permafrost melting accelerates decomposition and hence carbon release. Here, we study the spatial and temporal dynamics of these two processes under scenarios of climate change and evaluate their influence on the carbon balance of the permafros...

1  Abstract— A simple approach for correcting the effect of vegetation in the estimation of the surface soil moisture (w S) from L-band passive microwave observations is presented in this study. The approach is based on semi-empirical relationships between soil moisture and the polarized reflectance including the effect of the vegetation optical depth which is parameterized here as a function ...

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are performed for an open channel flow through submerged vegetation with a water depth (h) to plant height (hp) ratio of h/hp=1.5 according to the experimental configuration of Fairbanks and Diplas (1998). Fairbanks and Diplas measured longitudinal and vertical velocities as well as turbulence intensities along several verticals in the flow and the data are used for...

Twenty co-occurring juvenile gadids (10 Gadus ogac and 10 Gadus morhua) were surgically implanted with ultrasonic transmitters with depth sensors and continuously monitored for up to 23 days in the summers of 2009 and 2010 to test fine-scale habitat use and vertical distribution overlap in coastal Newfoundland (>18700 positional fixes). A habitat map with 8 substrate and 3 slope classes (low (<...

The 4-year drawdown of Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado, for dam maintenance, provides a case study analog of vegetation response on sediment that might be exposed from removal of a tall dam. Early vegetation recovery on the exposed reservoir bottom was a combination of (1) vegetation colonization on bare, moist substrates typical of riparian zones and reservoir sediment of shallow dams and (2) a...

Physical, chemical, and biological processes create maintain the critical zone (CZ). In weathered crystalline rocks, these occur over 10–100 s of meters transform bedrock into soil. The CZ provides pore space flow paths for groundwater, supplies nutrients ecosystems, foundation life. Vegetation in aboveground depends on components actively mediates Earth system like evapotranspiration, nutrient...

Based on the data from China’s second national soil survey and field observations in northwest China, we estimated soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in China and investigated its spatial and vertical distribution. China’s SOC storage in a depth of 1 meter was estimated as 69.1 Pg (10 g), with an average density of 7.8 kg m. About 48% of the storage was concentrated in the top 30 cm. The SOC den...

Traditional methods use NDVI to investigate vegetation cover from remote sensing imagery. These methods provide per-pixel vegetation distribution, and cause a modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), when a meaningful statistical result is issued. In this paper, a new method based on advanced segmentation techniques and classification is proposed for urban vegetation investigation extraction. This...