Action potentials of some of the 3578 nerve fibres in the cervical connective of Drosophila melanogaster can be recorded with extracellular electrodes. The spike rate increases if moving striped patterns are presented to the compound eyes, especially with horizontal front-to-back movement. The response is small or absent with the reverse (or with vertical) directions of movement. The main prope...

We present an experimental study of the movement of individual particles in a layer of vertically shaken granular material. High-speed imaging allows us to investigate the motion of beads within one vibration period. This motion consists mainly of vertical jumps, as in the Inelastic Bouncing Ball Model, and a global ordered drift. The analysis of the movement reveals that friction of beads agai...

The main objective of the study was to determine to what degree higher muscular activity, achieved by increased load in the extension phase (eccentric muscle action) of the vertical jump, affects the efficiency of the vertical jump. Sixteen elite biathletes participated in this investigation. The biathletes performed tests that consisted of five, single "maximal" vertical jumps (counter movemen...

Responses to horizontal and vertical ocular pursuit and head and body rotation in multiple planes were recorded in eye movement-sensitive neurons in the rostral vestibular nuclei (VN) of two rhesus monkeys. When tested during pursuit through primary eye position, the majority of the cells preferred either horizontal or vertical target motion. During pursuit of targets that moved horizontally at...

Postural control in upright stance requires the central integration of visual, vestibular, somatosensory (as cutaneous receptors) and proprioceptive (as joint receptors) inputs. Clinical studies seem to indicate an association between vertical heterophoria (VH) and balance control. The purpose of the study was to simulate a VH and examine its influence on body stabilisation in quiet stance. We ...

The investment in learning required to reach benefit with weightlifting training is currently not well understood in elite athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify changes in vertical jump power production and kinematic variables in hang power clean (HPC) performance during the learning process from a naive state in a multiple single-subject research design. Four elite athlet...

It is known that Field-of-view restrictions affect distance estimation, postural equilibrium, and the ability to control heading. These are all important factors when manoeuvring on foot through complex structured environments. Although considerable research has been devoted to the horizontal angular extent of the Field-of-View (FoV), rather less attention has been paid to the vertical angle. T...

Alignment of the body to the gravitational vertical is considered to be the key to human bipedalism. However, changes to the semicircular canals during human evolution suggest that the sense of head rotation that they provide is important for modern human bipedal locomotion. When walking, the canals signal a mix of head rotations associated with path turns, balance perturbations, and other body...

OBJECTIVE To investigate continuous wavelet transformation and neural network classification of gait data for detecting forelimb lameness in horses. ANIMALS 12 adult horses with mild forelimb lameness. PROCEDURE Position of the head and right forelimb foot, metacarpophalangeal (ie, fetlock), carpal, and elbow joints was determined by use of kinematic analysis before and after palmar digital...

The movement correlates of unit activity in medullary reticular formation cells were observed in unrestrained cats. Fifty-four percent of these cells had "laterally asymmetrical" movement relations and 38% had "laterally symmetrical" movement relations. All cells that discharged in relation to active lateral movement of the spinal column discharged preferentially in relation to ipsilateral move...