OBJECTIVE To describe bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to compare them with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (NHANES IV). METHOD The study included 48 children and adolescents (7 to 17 years old) infected with HIV through vertical transmission. BMC an...

Sham operated controls and four groups of rats subjected to ablation of various parts of their frontal cortex were compared in food and water intake and four behavioural tasks. The ablations were aimed at removing (1) the ventral prefrontal cortex, (2) the dorsal part of the medial prefrontal cortex, (3) the total medial prefrontal cortex, and (4) the anterior dorsolateral (non-prefrontal) cort...

The "Western diet" is characterized by increased intake of saturated and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids with a relative reduction in omega-3 (n-3) consumption. These fatty acids can directly and indirectly modulate the gut microbiome, resulting in altered host immunity. Omega-3 fatty acids can also directly modulate immunity through alterations in the phospholipid membranes of immune cells, inhibiti...

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most effective therapy for morbid obesity. This study investigated how gastric bypass affects intake of and preference for high-fat food in an experimental (rat) study and within a trial setting (human). Proportion of dietary fat in gastric bypass patients was significantly lower 6 yr after surgery compared with patients after vertical-banded gastroplasty (P = 0....

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of gastric motility suppression by exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV). METHODS The gastric motility was evaluated by electrogastrography (EGG) under food intake and autonomic nerve blocking agents in ten healthy volunteers. Sinusoidal vertical vibration with a frequency of 4 Hz (1.0 ms(-2) rms) was given to the subject for 10 min. RESULTS The ampli...

To investigate the response of gastric motility to whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure, electrogastrography (EGG) and gastric manometry were performed in 10 healthy male volunteers. Sinusoidal vertical vibration of three different frequencies (4 Hz, 8 Hz, and 16 Hz) with a constant vibration magnitude of 1.0 ms-2 (rms.) was randomly given to the subject seated on the platform of a vibrator for ...

Results A negative correlation was found between the change in average vertical jump height and protein intake. Total body mass increased by 0.6 ± 1.1 kg (p<.001), and percent body fat decreased by 1.1 ± 0.9 (p<.001). Fat-free mass increased by 1.3 ± 1.1 kg (p<.001), fat-mass decreased by 0.7 ± 0.7 (p<.001). Averaged 600 meter times decreased by 1.2 ± 1.8 seconds (p<.001). Peak LPI (LPI) and av...

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is a restrictive procedure that reduces food intake to produce weight loss. Here we assess volume and nutrient effects on the ingestive behavior of VSG and sham surgery animals. Rats given access to Ensure or pelleted chow were used to determine if liquid foods would adversely affect weight loss after surgery. Volume effects were studied by altering the caloric...

This retrospective case series included five patients who underwent surgical resection of the cervical anterior osteophyte due to dysphagia. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) were performed before and after surgery on each patient, and kinematic analysis of the video clips from the VFSS of a 5-mL liquid barium swallow was carried out. Functional oral intake improved after surgery in ...

Our understanding of temperature dissipation rate χ within the upper ocean boundary layer, which is critical for climate forecasts, is very limited. Near-surface turbulence also affects dispersion of contaminants and biogeochemical tracers. Using high-resolution optical turbulence measurements, scaling laws for χ are investigated under forcing states where either the daytime heat flux or the wi...