designing and scheduling of drip irrigation systems are often done without enough information about water distribution in the soil. due to tillage operations and crop production practices, agricultural soils can be considered as two layered soils with different bulk densities. the top soil layer has a lighter texture than the sub soil layer. in this research, the development of the wetting fron...

We investigated the vertical distribution of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus and Metridia longa at four locations around the archipelago of Svalbard in autumn. The older and larger copepodites of Calanus spp. were generally located deeper in the water column. Differences in vertical distribution between stations partly reflected a south north gradient in developmental progres...

[1] We use ten years of GPS data from nine continuous and six semi‐continuous GPS stations in a transect across the Southern Alps to measure rates of relative vertical movement with typical 1s uncertainties of 0.3–0.5 mm/yr. The estimated vertical rates define a fairly smooth profile across the range, with the highest rates of ∼5 mm/yr found near the crest of the mountains and ∼20–30 km southea...

Symbiotic reef corals occupy the entire photic zone; however, most species have distinct zonation patterns within the light intensity gradient. It is hypothesized that the presence of specific symbionts adapted to different light regimes may determine the vertical distribution of particular hosts. We have tested this hypothesis by genetic and in situ physiological analyses of the algal populati...

the main goal of the present study is to identify characteristics of the inter-station horizontal magnetic responses and the vertical magnetic data, as two types of magnetotelluric transfer functions, in the modeling procedure. through consideration of model responses and two-dimensional inversion of synthetic data, sensitivity of the data components in detecting different geophysical structure...

The vertical distribution of meiofauna within subtidal sediments was studied in four stations pertaining to mangrove or muddy flats habitats. In 2003, replicated samples were taken in dry (February) and wet (July) seasons at the Bacunagua Inlet, southwestern coast of Cuba. The abundance and number of meiofaunal taxa exhibited a vertical gradient possibly due to changes in the concentrations of ...

We present a novel analytical method for assessing spatial and temporal structure in community samples that is useful for comparing large data-sets that include species abundance data. The model assumes that species numbers in two samples are drawn from a bi-variate Poisson log-normal species abundance distribution and parameters from the fitted distribution are estimated to assess community st...

We define the Liouville distribution on the tangent bundle of a pseudo-Finsler manifold and prove that it is integrable. Also, we find geometric properties of both leaves of Liouville distribution and the vertical distribution.