Chicken anemia virus is commonly found in commercially produced chickens and has a worldwide distribution. It is difficult to inactivate thermally or with common disinfectants, which limits the utility of normal sanitization practices. The virus is important because of the disease it produces following transovarian transmission and because of its potential for inducing immunosuppression alone o...

Data obtained through measurement always contain random error. Random error is readily observed by sampling—making repeated measurements while all experimental conditions remain the same. For various reasons, the measurements will not all be the same and a frequency distribution (see Fig. 1) is one way to display the resulting data. The height of each vertical bar indicates the number of times ...

A common tactile display design uses an array of mechanical pins covered by a rubber layer which acts as a spatial low pass filter. To characterize the perceptual relationship between this rubber layer and shape rendering, we conducted psychophysical experiments to examine the perception of a vertical line stimulus felt using rubber covers of varying thickness and stiffness. We found no signifi...

In a rectangular drawing of a plane graph, each edge is drawn as a horizontal or vertical line segment, and all faces including the outer face are drawn as rectangles. In this paper, we introduce an “extended rectangular drawing” in which all inner faces are drawn as rectangles but the outer face is drawn as a rectilinear polygon with designated corners, and give a necessary and sufficient cond...

In this paper a review of recent studies made to understand the capability to detect and reconstruct strongly interacting squarks and gluinos with the CMS detector is presented. The detection of these sparticles relies on the observation of an excess of events over Standard Model background expectations. The results for inclusive searches of squarks and gluinos are presented as 5σ discovery con...

This paper discusses issues including tongue position, tongue movement space, constraint etc. of Mongolian word-initial consonants. The experimental result shows that word-initial consonant tongue horizontal movement space is constrained by constriction position and is in conformity with the rule that front consonant leads to smaller tongue movement space; higher consonant leads to smaller tong...

We model a duopoly in which ex-ante identical firms must decide where to direct their innovation efforts. The firms face market uncertainty about consumers’ preferences for innovation on two product attributes, and technology uncertainty about the success of their R&D investments. Firms can conduct costly market research before setting R&D strategy. We find that the value of market information ...

A common tactile display design uses an array of mechanical pins covered by a rubber layer which acts as a spatial low pass filter. To characterize the perceptual relationship between this rubber layer and shape rendering, we conducted psychophysical experiments to examine the perception of a vertical line stimulus felt using rubber covers of varying thickness and stiffness. We found no signifi...

Over the last fifteen years, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes have become very popular environmental policy instruments, but the academic literature has begun to question their additionality. The literature attempts to estimate the causal effect of these programs by applying impact evaluation (IE) techniques. However, PES programs are complex instruments and IE methods cannot b...

Wind turbine is a technology which converting wind energy to electric power. Wind energy is easily accessible anywhere in the world and is one of renewable energy. However, in Kuala Terengganu, the lower average wind speed become one of the factors wind turbine has not been used widely as alternative method for generating the electric power. Thereby, small scale wind turbine which can generate ...