Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, or Goldenhar Syndrome, is a condition characterized by variable degrees of uni- or bilateral involvement of craniofacial structures, ocular anomalies, and vertebral defects. Its expressivity is variable; therefore, the term "expanded Goldenhar complex" has been coined. The Goldenhar Syndrome usually involves anomalies in craniofacial structures, but it is known ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the distribution of congenital anomalies within the VACTERL association (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb abnormalities) between patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist and the general population. METHODS Analysis for comparison of proportional differences to a previous publication between anomaly subgroup...

VACTERL association [3] is a term applied to a specific group of abnormalities involving structures derived from the mesoderm [4]. Although the defects of this disorder are clearly linked, VACTERL is called an association rather than a syndrome because the exact genetic cause is unknown. ?VACTERL? is an acronym, each letter standing for one of the defects associated with the condition: V for ve...

Congenital scoliosis is caused by early embryologic errors in vertebral column formation. Defining the deformity, predicting the natural history, and applying the correct treatment can help ensure successful management. Most congenital spine anomalies can be classified, and many have a predictable natural history. Because the deformities are associated with other organ system anomalies in more ...

Obstruction of the vertebral arteries can lead to sudden death, extensive spinal cord destruction, insufficiency of the brain stem, impaired cerebellar function, damage to the occipital cortex, and may well be responsible for certain forms of cerebral palsy. We have recently treated a case of post-traumatic vertebral artery insufficiency by debridement of an osteophyte obstructing the intraspin...

PURPOSE Anorectal malformations are often associated with other anomalies, reporting frequency with 40-70%. Gastrointestinal anomalies have been known to be relatively less common than associated anomalies of other organ system. This study was performed to assess a distinctive feature of cases associated with esophageal atresia. METHODS Clinical data (from January 2000 through December 2011) ...

The venous anomalies of thorax are common, but the only drainage 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal veins on both sides into internal vertebral plexus with no communication to azygos system is reported for first time. common hemiazygos vein singular receiving all left from 4th 11th subcostal side. This drains right. It also connects cranial end via an anomalous Left SVC. receives 3rd vein. On ri...

Objective To evaluate the occurrence and frequency of abnormalities at the second and third cervical vertebral junction (C2/3) in dogs with and without atlantoaxial instability (AAI). Study Design Retrospective multi-institutional case-controlled case series. Animals One hundred and seventeen dogs with AAI and 117 dogs without AAI. Methods Radiographs, together with computer tomographic images ...

Introduction:MRI is highly accurate in identifying vertebral anomalies by detecting even the smallest changes water and fat components, making it preferred method for assessing infectious lesions column. Clinical observations different imaging properties can help with early diagnosis treatment. Vertebral endplate destruction, signal intensity of intervertebral disc bone marrow, involvement soft...