Striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) functions are altered following DA denervation. Previous research indicates that intrastriatal coadministration of D1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists synergistically increase locomotor behavior in DA-depleted rats. In the present study, we examined whether striatal 5-HT2 mechanisms also account for supersensitive D1-mediated locomotor behavior following D...

in this paper, the 1/4 vehicle model have been simulated. the vehicle body acceleration using optimal control has been optimized. the vehicle ride comfort is achieved by using robust control, and it has been compared with optimal control. the active suspension can help the vehicle to have a good dynamic behavioral. in this paper, two degrees of freedom dynamic vibration model of a general vehic...

The chasing method was used in an on-road measurement campaign, and emission factors (EF) of black carbon (BC), particle number (PN) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were determined for 139 individual vehicles of different types encountered on the roads. The aggregated results provide EFs for BC, NOx and PN for three vehicle categories: goods vehicles, gasoline and diesel passenger cars. This is the f...

  Objective(s): Brain edema is one of the most serious causes of death within the first few days after trauma brain injury (TBI). In this study we have investigated the role of Shilajit on brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, intracranial pressure (ICP) and neurologic outcomes following brain trauma.   Materials and Methods: Diffuse traumatic brain trauma was indu...

Hearse, David J., and Fiona J. Sutherland. Catecholamines and preconditioning: studies of contraction and function in isolated rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H136–H143, 1999.—The aims of this study were to determine whether 1) like ischemic preconditioning, transient exposure to norepinephrine before ischemia exacerbates contracture during ischemia and 2) protection ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to ATP-mediated dilations is significantly attenuated in the rat middle cerebral artery of intact and estrogen-treated ovariectomized (OVX) females compared with males and vehicle-treated OVX females. Since an increase in endothelial calcium appears to be a critical prerequisite in the EDHF response, we...

The effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 or inverse agonist AM 251 on food intake and extracellular levels of serotonin and acetic acid 5-hydroxy-indol from presatiated rats was studied. Compared to the vehicle-injected control, the intracerebroventricular administration of WIN 55,212-2 was associated with a significant...

Due to the increasing number of body styles, engine/gear combinations and the variety of modern control systems, the use of simulation techniques becomes more and more important in the development process of classical chassis as well as chassis control systems. Following GM’s Road-Lab-Math (R-L-M) strategy, the number of prototype cars in ongoing and future vehicle programs will be significantl...

Acclimatization to hypoxia requires time to complete the adaptation mechanisms that influence oxygen (O(2)) transport and O(2) utilization. Although decreasing hemoglobin (Hb) O(2) affinity would favor the release of O(2) to the tissues, increasing Hb O(2) affinity would augment arterial O(2) saturation during hypoxia. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pharmacologically increa...