The NIST codebook-based deterministic random bit generators are analyzed in the context of being indistinguishable from random. Upper and lower bounds based on the probability of distinguishing the output are proven. These bounds imply that the security of the designs are bounded by the codebook width, or more precisely on the property that the codebooks act like a random permutation, as oppose...

Calibration is a common practice in image steganalysis for extracting prominent features. Based on the idea of reembedding, a new set of calibrated features for audio steganalysis applications are proposed. These features are extracted from a model that has maximum deviation from human auditory system and had been specifically designed for audio steganalysis. Ability of the proposed system is t...

Let K and L be compact convex sets in Rn. The following two statements are shown to be equivalent: (i) For every polytope Q ⊆ K having at most n+ 1 vertices, L contains a translate of Q. (ii) L contains a translate of K. Let 1 ≤ d ≤ n − 1. It is also shown that the following two statements are equivalent: (i) For every polytope Q ⊆ K having at most d+ 1 vertices, L contains a translate of Q. (i...

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the vascular adventitia of balloon-injured rat aortas in the second and sixth postoperative weeks. A total of 32 rats were divided into a control group and a balloon-injured group. The rats underwent vascular morphometric analysis and adventitial c...

abstract background: thrombosis will occur due to contact of blood with unepithelialized surfaces after vascular clamping and also blood stasis during vascular surgery. heparin is administered to prevent thrombosis. the aptt test is used for assurance of the anticoagulative effect of heparin. at the end of the operation heparin is neutralized by protamine sulfate in some centers. in this study ...

background: we conducted our study on 1110 patients with breast masses in order to investigate different aspects of power doppler sonography (pds) for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions and their prognostication. materials and methods: this study was conducted on the women who were referred to the sonography units of university hospitals for breast sonography and had a ...

petri disease is responsible for grapevine decline and occurs wherever grapevines (vitis vinifera) are cultivated. phaeoacremonium species are among the principal hyphomycetes associated with petri disease. during 2009, a field survey was conducted throughout different vineyards in the fars province of iran in order to determine the fungal pathogens associated with the vine decline observed in ...

materials exhibit significant creep behavior at temperatures above 40% of their absolute melt temperature. lead, tin and their alloys are such materials which experience significant creep behavior in room temperature. one of the most important applications of the tin-lead alloys is soldering electronic circuits in electronic industry, and for lead are isolation walls and wet batteries. room tem...

Markers of imaging, structure, and function reflecting vascular damage, integrating a long time accumulation effect of traditional and unrecognized cardiovascular risk factors, can be regarded as surrogate endpoints of target organ damage before the occurrence of clinical events. Prevention of cardiovascular disease requires risk stratification and treatment of traditional risk factors, such as...

congenital vascular lesions occur most often in children. parents of these children take them to maxillofacial surgeons directly or during the treatment of other complications such as infection or jaw bone disorders. various terms now used are unable to describe the pathogenesis and mechanism of the effect of vascular lesions on growth and development of facial bone.  term of hemangioma is used...