Macaronesia, which includes five mid-Atlantic archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagems, Canaries, and Cape Verdes), has been traditionally recognized as a distinct biogeographic unit whose circumscription has been intimately associated with the hypothesis that the flora is a relict of a formerly broadly distributed subtropical Tertiary flora. The concept of Macaronesia is revisited here using p...

background: arteriovenous malformations are one of the most common vascular disorders of the colon. vascular disorders present as painless, high-volume rectal bleeding. case presentation: this study elucidates two rare cases of vascular disorders that are diagnosed as angiodysplasia of the left colon and cavernous hemangioma of the colon and rectum.  the chief complaint in two patients was rect...

blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized by multiple recurrent vascular malformations of skin and gastrointestinal tract . the affected patients may present with diverse manifestations including iron deficiency anemia. we report this syndrome in a 22-year-old man that was referred to our hospital for iron deficiency anemia with unknown cause and vascular malforma...

conclusions intravenous magnesium reduces postoperative ileus, postoperative severe pain and intra/post operative analgesic requirements in patients after major gi surgery. no side effects of magnesium in these doses were seen, so it seems to be beneficial along with routine general anesthesia in major gi surgeries. patients and methods a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was p...

takayasu’s arteritis (ta) is a rare case of granulomatous arteritis which mainly involves the aorta and its large branches. although arterial hypertension is the most common feature of the disease in both adults and children, patients with ta may present with numerous clinical manifestations. our patient was a 45-year-old woman, known to have hypertension from 3 years earlier following assessme...

case presentation we reported a 36-year-old man with alhe lesion on penis and discussed the clinical and histopathological features. conclusions when we have any dermal or subcutaneous lesion on genitalia, we can consider alhe in differential diagnosis. introduction angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (alhe) is a benign slow-growing vascular proliferation characterized by dome-shaped vi...

introduction: angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. cardiovascular endothelial factors are involved in diseases and vascular regulation.  stachys lavandulifolia belongs to the laminacea family and its hydroalcoholic extract is used as a traditional treatment to reduce pain and inflammation. the present study was conducted to ex...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (dm) on peripheral vascular disease (pvd) in patients with coronary artery disease (cad). methods: a total of 13702 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) at tehran heart center between january 2002 and march 2007 were included in this study. the demographic data, pvd, and outcom...

traumatic injuries to the subclavian-axillary artery, although uncommon, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if not managed promptly. the emergence of endovascular techniques offers an alternative to the surgical management of these injuries. we herein present 4 cases of traumatic subclavian-axillary artery injury with limb ischemia successfully managed via the endovascular a...