We study the thermally activated oscillations, or capillary waves, of a neutral metal cluster within the liquid drop model. These deformations correspond to a surface roughness which we characterize by a single parameter ∆. We derive a simple analytic expression determining ∆ as a function of temperature and cluster size. We then estimate the induced effects on shell structure by means of a per...

In recent years there has been much work in improving lattice actions (see e.g. M. Lüscher’s and P. Hasenfratz’ talks at this conference). The idea behind all these attempts is to modify the lattice action with the addition of irrelevant operators in order to reduce lattice artifacts: the aim is to have scaling and finite-size-scaling at small values of the correlation length. Two different app...

Kauzmann's explanation of how the hydrophobic factor drives protein folding is reexamined. His explanation said that hydrocarbon hydration shells are formed, possibly of clathrate water, and they explain why hydrocarbons have uniquely low solubilities in water. His explanation was not universally accepted because of skepticism about the clathrate hydration shell. A revised version is given here...

Descriptions of the ground state in unbroken gauge theories with charged particles are discussed. In particular it is shown that the on-shell Green’s functions and S-matrix elements corresponding to the scattering of these variables in QED are free of soft and phase infra red divergences and that these variables may be multiplicatively renormalised.

Nano-peanut shell‑OSO3H nanoparticles were simply prepared and characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermal analysis techniques (TGA/DTG). The catalytic activity of nano-peanut shell‑OSO3H was studied in the synthesis of biological...

Throughout the course of human evolution, humans have been solving complex problems. In this paper, various system theories such as General Systems Theory, Chaos Theory, Complex-Adaptive Systems, and Integral Theory are described and discussed within the context of the human body. Different systems of varying context, such as: (1) when facilitating sustainable changes in organizations; (2) when...

The classical and quantum theories leading to the asymptotic Bethe formula of stopping power matter for charged particles heavier than electron are briefly reviewed. Models approximations practical calculation various corrections that extend validity range described. associated shell correction were determined previously from an extensive database atomic generalized oscillator strengths, calcul...

This study investigates geometrical non-linear analysis of composite circular cylindrical shells under external pressure over part of their surfaces and also shells subjected to combined axial compression and triangular external pressure. Donnell non-linear shell theory along with first order shear deformation theory (FOSD) are adopted in the analysis. In the case of combined axial compression ...

Spherical materials with yolk-shell structure have great potential for a wide range of applications. The main advantage of the yolk-shell geometry is the possibility of introducing different chemical or physical properties within a single particle. Here, a one-step hydrothermal synthesis route for fabricating amphoteric yolk-shell structured aluminum phenylphosphonate microspheres using urea as...

Over the last eight years new theories regarding nucleation, crystal growth, and polymorphism have emerged. Many of these theories were developed in response to observations in nature, where classical nucleation theory failed to account for amorphous mineral precursors, phases, and particle assembly processes that are responsible for the formation of invertebrate mineralized skeletal elements, ...