CONTEXT Optimal management of pituitary adenomas involves consideration of the roles of medical therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The different forms of radiation therapy and their results are reviewed here. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature search through the U.S. National Library of Medicine was used to identify and review clinical experiences of radiation therapy in the management o...

introduction: ionizing radiations are the hazardous agents in the workplace and all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injuries. awareness of application of protection guidelines and knowledge of the principles of radiation protection can play an important role in health of employees. survey of radiation employee’s levels of awareness and practical behavior is essential and should...

precipitation and air temperature data, only, are often recorded at meteorological stations, with radiation beingmeasured at very few weather stations, especially in developing countries. therefore there arises a need for suitablemodels to estimate solar radiation for a completion of data sets. this paper is about an evaluation of eight models foran estimation of daily solar radiation (q) from ...

background:  the aim of the study was to estimate the radiation dose during emergency exposure to patients treated with iodine-131 during the isolation period. materials and methods: the dose rate from a sample of 192 patients administrated by three different radioactivity of 131i (3.7, 5.55 and 7.4 gbq) was measured, at 1 meter after 1, 24 and 48 hours post dose administration, at three differ...

background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

background: hot lab is a specially designed room in a nuclear medicine hospital where the radiopharmaceuticals are delivered, stored and prepared for dispensing. 99mo/99mtc-generator is the major source in the hot lab used for various medical imaging. it is important to maintain a standard for hot lab procedures to optimize the patient care and minimize radiation exposure to all nuclear medicin...

of all substances, great fields of equilibria hitherto unsuspected, in which the individual states differ from one another with respect to the new variable, the number of photons. If such a necessity arises and the law of conservation of photons can be established, it may be necessary to revise still further our ideas of thermal radiation, for in that case it would be doubtful whether what is k...

Tropospheric aerosols affect the radiative forcing of Earth's climate, but their variable concentrations complicate an understanding of their global influence. Model-based estimates of aerosol distributions helped reveal spatial patterns indicative of the presence of tropospheric aerosols in the satellite-observed clear-sky solar radiation budget over the world's oceans. The results show that, ...

The reconfigurable micro strip antenna has the ability to vary its band width, operating frequency and radiation pattern. Radiation pattern of reconfigurable antenna has the to avoid the noise sources , increasing the gain and saving power by directing the ability to switch the pattern from one direction to another at common impedance , bandwidth and operating frequency . This means the pattern...

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare, malignant neuroendocrine tumor with potential to develop outside the normal means and distribution of olfactory neuroepithelium. With four published cases, we present a patient with a frontal sinus ONB invading the dura after receiving whole brain radiation for non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 20 years before. Imaging and biopsy revealed a frontal sinus malignant ne...