Background: Inappropriate prescription of vancomycin has been shown to be associated with induction of antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of inappropriate use of vancomycin in a tertiary care hospital in Iran. Methods: Adescriptive cross-sectional investigation was performed from September 2004 to March 2005 in all units of a general teaching Medic...

BACKGROUND Recent evidence has shown that community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is less virulent than traditional hospital-associated MRSA. We explored whether the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the different strains account for their disparity in clinical virulence. METHODS This 10-year retrospective cohort study enrolled 291 patients with community-on...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin is the first-line antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative strains. The risk of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury increases with plasma vancomycin levels. Vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury is histologically characterized by acute interstitial nephritis and/or acute tubular necrosis. However, only 12 biopsy-proven cases of ...

A class of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains shows vancomycin resistance in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam-induced VAN-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus [BIVR]). Two possible explanations may be offered: (i) vancomycin in culture medium is depleted, and (ii) the D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the peptidoglycan network is replaced with D-Ala-D-lactate. We...

Telavancin displays potent in vitro and in vivo activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. We compared the efficacies of telavancin and vancomycin against MRSA strains with vancomycin MICs of ≥1 μg/ml in a neutropenic murine lung infection model. Thirteen clinical MRSA isolates (7 vancomycin-susceptible, 2 va...

Background & Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens in nosocomial infections. Vancomycin is the most important therapeutic drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Therefore, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) or vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains are warning...

Introduction: Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is one of the most complex and potentially devastating complications following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery. Despite many advances in prevention, it still remains significant and ranges between 0.5% and 6.8%. We aim to study the role of vancomycin paste applied locally over sternal edges in reducing DSWI.Materials and Methods...

OBJECTIVES Recent recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus suggest the use of alternative agents when vancomycin MIC values are >or=2 mg/L. This study examines the outcome of patients treated with daptomycin for S. aureus infections with documented vancomycin MICs. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with skin, bacteraemia and endo...

The mechanisms underlying bacterial tolerance to antibiotics are unclear. A possible adaptation strategy was explored by exposure of drug-naive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain FDA209P to vancomycin in vitro Strains surviving vancomycin treatment (vancomycin survivor strains), which appeared after 96 h of exposure, were slow-growing derivatives of the parent strain. Although...