In this article, an electrolyte flow rate control approach is developed for all-vanadium redox battery (VRB) system based on the linear parameter varying (LPV) framework. The regulated to provide a trade-off between stack voltage efficiency and pumping energy losses, so as achieve efficient operation. nonlinear process model embedded in state–space description set of state feedback controllers ...

Renewable energy sources and ways to store this due its intermittency are growing exponentially. Redox flow batteries, which allow decoupling from power, a promising way of electrochemical storage electricity. Vanadium the current technological reference, giving aqueous organic electroactive species, present advantages multiple designs thanks functionalization, lower cost, non-toxicity, less su...

The transition from fossil to renewable energy sources requires adequate storage technologies due the intermittency of supplied energy. With respect this, organic redox-flow batteries (ORFBs) represent a promising concept for electricity on large scale at economically justifiable costs. However, these can only be operated reliably if parameters representing actual condition medium (i.e., electr...

Vanadium, V, is a redox-sensitive metal that in solution, under aerobic conditions, prevails as the oxyanion vanadate(V). There is little known regarding vanadium toxicity to soil biota, and the present study was set up to determine the toxicity of added vanadate to soil organisms and to investigate the relationship between toxicity and vanadium sorption in soils. Five soils with contrasting pr...