Owing to the complexity of spinal surgery, there is a great prevalence of dural tear causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Many studies focused on suture repair for dural tear to stop CSF leak. Now some new treatment strategies have shown a promising effect that is listed as follows: 1) creating watertight dural closure to stop CSF leak with the help of dural substitute material; and 2) re...

BACKGROUND The Valsalva manoeuvre is an internationally recommended treatment for supraventricular tachycardia, but cardioversion is rare in practice (5-20%), necessitating the use of other treatments including adenosine, which patients often find unpleasant. We assessed whether a postural modification to the Valsalva manoeuvre could improve its effectiveness. METHODS We did a randomised cont...

INTRODUCTION Portable pressure ventilators, or bi-level ventilators, do not typically have an oxygen control, and thus supplemental oxygen is usually administered by adding it into the mask or the circuit. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that delivered oxygen concentration using this configuration is affected by the choice of leak port, oxygen injection site, and ventilator setti...

HYPOTHESIS Albuterol delivered during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is affected by use of a nebulizer or metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and whether the leak port is in the hose or the mask. METHODS A lung model that simulated spontaneous breathing at 20 breaths/min was used. A bi-level positive-airway-pressure ventilator (Respironics S/T30) was set for an inspiratory positive airway p...

AIMS To investigate the muscle activation patterns of the abdomino-pelvic region used by incontinent women during a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction and a Valsalva manouevre compared to healthy, asymptomatic subjects. METHODS Thirteen incontinent (symptomatic) women, identified using ultrasound to be consistently depressing the bladder base during PFM contraction, and thirteen continent ...

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP) is the accumulation of air in mediastinum without a surgical or traumatic etiology. It thought that basic mechanism triggering SP pressure difference develops after strong Valsalva maneuver.
 Case report: We presented 50-year-old male patient was admitted to emergency department with sudden onset chest and epigastric pain started standing up...

CASE REPORT In March 2002, a 75-year-old man was referred to the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Department for evaluation of a slowly growing left neck mass. Physical examination revealed a large, indurated mass in the left posterior triangle that was tender and fixed to the underlying tissues. The remainder of the history and physical assessment did not reveal any other abnormalities. A ...

This paper brings together considerations of gas leak behaviour and leak detector design and use, with a view to improving the detection of low-pressure natural gas leaks. An atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel has been used to study ground–based releases of methane at full scale over distances of up to 3 m, under controlled conditions. These scales are relevant to the detection of natural g...

Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a rehabilitative program that has been tested for outcomes related to respiratory muscle strength, cough, swallow, and voice function in healthy young adult, elderly individuals, and in patients with progressive neurodegenerative disease. Because EMST has been used in patient care, the associated cardiovascular responses during EMST are of importanc...

We investigated the integrated cardiovascular responses of 15 human subjects to the acute gravitational changes (micro- and hypergravity portions) of parabolic flight. Measurements were made with subjects quietly seated and while subjects performed controlled Valsalva maneuvers. During quiet, seated, parabolic flight, mean arterial pressure increased during the transition into microgravity but ...