The regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) method has been used in recent studies to derive climate field reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the last millennium. Original pseudoproxy experiments that tested RegEM [with ridge regression regularization (RegEM-Ridge)] standardized the input data in a way that improved the performance of the reconstruction method, but ...

Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) is a supervised learning model in machine learning, not obtained by an ensemble method. Ensemble methods are gathered from samples comprising hundreds or thousands of learners that serve the common purpose improving stability and accuracy algorithms. This study presented REMARS (Random MARS), new MARS selection approach using Random Forest (RF) al...

Nonparametric regression models are often used to check or suggest a parametric model. Several methods have been proposed to test the hypothesis of a parametric regression function against an alternative smoothing spline model. Some tests such as the locally most powerful (LMP) test by Cox et al. (Cox, D., Koh, E., Wahba, G. and Yandell, B. (1988). Testing the (parametric) null model hypothesis...

Abstract: A popular approach in the investigation of the short-term behavior of a non-stationary time series is to assume that the time series decomposes additively into a long-term trend and short-term fluctuations. A first step towards investigating the short-term behavior requires estimation of the trend, typically via smoothing in the time domain. We propose a method for time-domain smoothi...

Prenatal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) through maternal inhalation induces higher risk for a wide range of fetotoxic effects. However, the most health-relevant dose function from chronic gestational exposure remains unclear. Whether there is a gestational window during which the human embryo/fetus is particularly vulnerable to PAHs has not been examined thor...

PURPOSE Developing a computationally efficient automated method for the optimal choice of regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomography. METHODS The least-squares QR (LSQR)-type method that uses Lanczos bidiagonalization is known to be computationally efficient in performing the reconstruction procedure in diffuse optical tomography. The same is effectively deployed via an optimizati...

OBJECTIVES Parallel comparison with 0.15% ganciclovir (GCV) ophthalmic gel to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 0.15% GCV in situ ophthalmic gel for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group study. HSK patients were randomly divided into two groups, with the corresponding treatment of 0.15% GCV ophth...

small area estimation is a technique used to estimate parameters of subpopulations with small sample sizes.  small area estimation is needed  in obtaining information on a small area, such as sub-district or village.  generally, in some cases, small area estimation uses parametric modeling.  but in fact, a lot of models have no linear relationship between the small area average and the covariat...

We have been developing an enzyme/prodrug gene therapy approach for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors in the liver. This system uses the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FCyt) enzyme/prodrug combination. Another system that has received considerable attention is the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) enzyme/prodrug combination. The purpose of th...