Abstract Introduction Vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) use and efficacy is well established for genitourinary symptoms commonly seen in menopause. Despite the similar symptom profile dramatic hormonal shifts postpartum (PP) patients, they are not routinely offered same therapies. The pathophysiology of these PP multifactorial frequently dismissed as “normal,” even with subsequent negative effect ...

premature rupture of membrane (prom) is one of the complications of pregnancy which is blamed for increasing the rate of cesarean. therefore, we studied pregnant women who were admitted in shariati hospital during march 1996 and march 2000, to determine the rate of cesarean delivery in cases with prom after 36th week of pregnancy (term prom). in a retrospective study, we included pregnant women...

An important issue in the use of expert systems is the so-called brittleness problem. Expert systems model only a limited part of the world. While the explicit management of uncertainty in expert systems mitigates the brittleness problem, it is still possible for a system to be used, unwittingly, in ways that the system is not prepared to address. Such situation may be detected by the method of...

There is a longstanding interest in the relationship between diet and hot flash symptoms during midlife, especially whether phytoestrogens ease menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, vaginal dryness relation intake foods rich among Bangladeshi women aged 35 59 years who were living either Sylhet, Bangladesh (n = 157) or as migrants...

results predictors of anxiety were observed in 22 women (20%). moreover, 34 women (30.9%) were diagnosed from normal to abnormal, 3 (2.72%) had depression signs, and 22 (20%) showed symptoms of borderline symptoms of depression. conclusions considering the high frequency of anxiety disorder among women with vaginal bleeding in hajj, gynecological consultation seems essential for women during ha...

neurofibromas commonly involve peripheral nervous system. isolated neurofibroma of vagina is very rare tumor and usually associated with von recklinghausen’s disease. vulva is the most frequent location of neurofibroma of genital tract followed by clitoris and labia. we present a rare case of neurofibroma of vaginal wall presented as vaginal cyst in a 52 year old female with no history of any o...

BACKGROUND Symptomatic cervical cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries usually present with late stage disease and have poor survival. We explored the views of cervical cancer patients on their symptom appraisal and interpretations, and their help-seeking including lay consultations. METHODS We conducted an in-depth interview study in two northern Ugandan hospitals. Theoretical m...

The aim of the study was to define the most common causes, symptoms and clinical features of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls, and to evaluate treatment success depending on the causative agent involved. The study included 115 girls aged 2-8 (mean 4.8) years, presenting with vulvovaginitis to the Outpatient Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Zagreb Children's Hospital, between S...

The role that the vaginal flora plays in protecting the host from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV infection, is becoming increasingly appreciated. Significant alterations in the microbiological environment of the vag-inal ecosystem, such as those that occur in bacterial vaginosis (BV), appear to be a biological risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of STIs/HIV, ...

MAIN FINDINGS Most women had some combination of itching, discharge, and odour. Conceptions of [a] normal [vagina]. Women judged normality based on characteristics of vaginal discharge (eg, quantity, colour, odour, consistency, and timing in relation to the menstrual cycle). Although most felt that some discharge was normal, one fifth thought that a normal vagina should be dry and odour free. C...