Background: To date, more than 90 Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) capsular serotypes are known. The prevalence of these serotypes varies according to the geographical area and the regional vaccination program. Due to the lack of regular vaccination programs for S. pneumoniae in developing countries, serotyping of the prevalent isolates is useful in selecting the correct vaccine. The pr...

Toxoplasma gondii is well- known as a common parasite with high proliferative activity in the nucleated cells. This parasite has infected nearly one third of the people worldwide. Infection can result in chorioretinitis in immunocompetent hosts, encephalitis in HIV/AIDS positive patients and abortion and neonatal loss in congenital toxoplasmosis. Development of vaccines for toxoplasmosis infect...

stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle. these studies used to determine vaccine expiry date and vaccine efficacy. accelerated stability and long term stability study performed for three batches of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) and three batches of monovalent opv (type1) manufactured by razi institute. after samplin...

zataria multiflora essential oil possesses immunomodulatory effects and the present study investigatesits effect on immune responses to live newcastle disease (nd) vaccines and faecal shedding period ofvaccine strain virus in chickens. one hundred and eighty chickens from both sexes were divided into 6 equalgroups: group 1: unvaccinated, group 2: vaccinated (b1 vaccine followed by la sota 10 da...

b ackground: the prevalence of urinary tract infection (uti) is really high in the world. escherichia coli is a major agent of uti. one of the strategies for decreasing uti infections is vaccine development. as the attachment is a really important stage in colonization and infection, at- tachment inhibition has an applied strategy.  fimh protein is a major factor during bacterial colonization i...

background: there is a controversy about the relation between anti-hepatitis b (anti-hbs) antibody level and obesity. we designed this study to compare the vaccine efficacy in obese/overweight and non-obese cases. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 242 obese/overweight and 85 non-obese individuals were participated. cases were selected from a referral clinic for obesity and a referral hepa...

background: group b streptococcus (gbs) is the major cause of serious life threatening infections in neonates, pregnant women, and other adults with underlying diseases. capsular polysaccharide typing is a significant way for epidemiological studies of gbs, the pathogenesis, and other studies associated with gbs infections including surveillance programs and vaccine development in future. molec...

background: dengue is a global arboviral threat to humans; causing 390 million infections per year. the availability of safe and effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global requirement to prevent epidemics, morbidity, and mortality associated with it. methods: five experimental groups (6 mice per group) each of 5-week-old balb/c mice were immunized with vaccine and placebo (empty plasmid) ...

background: health care workers (hcw) are at high risk of contracting various infectious diseases and play a dual role in the transmission of infections in health care facilities. objective: to determine the seroprotection against hepatitis b, measles, rubella, and varicella among hcws in a community hospital in qatar. methods: this is a cross-sectional survey conducted in a 75-bed community ho...

conclusions our study illustrates the importance of constantly monitoring the prevalent serotypes in any region in order to aid in the development of more effective vaccines. results our results revealed that in egypt, currently, the most prevalent serotypes were serogroup 6 and serotype 19f as they represented 58% of all isolates. high rates of resistance were found to different antibiotic cla...