stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle. these studies used to determine vaccine expiry date and vaccine efficacy. accelerated stability and long term stability study performed for three batches of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) and three batches of monovalent opv (type1) manufactured by razi institute. after samplin...

Abstract Background: Varicella is a highly contagious and dangerous disease especially in immunocompromised patients. Children with cancer are at increased risk of severe illness and may fatal cases occur. Vaccination from VZV ( varicella zoster vaccine) infection can be safe, immunogenic, and effective in children with leukemia who meet the criteria and are at the risk of serious disea...

background and aims: rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using sui...

We defined a cohort of people with major chronic conditions (152,585 subjects) in Navarre, Spain, using electronic records from physicians, to obtain 2010/11 mid-season estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness. The adjusted estimates of the effectiveness of the 2010/11 trivalent influenza vaccine were 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20–40%) in preventing medically attended influenza-like...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines are widely used, even though estimates of efficacy have ranged from zero to 80%. BCG is a relatively safe vaccine, but it can cause disseminated infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Thus, the development of a more reliably efficacious and safer vaccine is important to the control of tuberculosis. The testing of any new vaccine in human populat...

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence and provide recommendations on immunization in pregnancy. OUTCOMES Outcomes evaluated include effectiveness of immunization, risks and benefits for mother and fetus. EVIDENCE The Medline and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published up to June 2008 on the topic of immunization in pregnancy. VALUES The evidence obtained was reviewed and evalua...

The vaccine was first developed in 1796 by a British physician, Edward Jenner, against the smallpox virus. This invention revolutionized medical science and saved lives around world. production of effective vaccines requires dominant immune epitopes to elicit robust response. Thus, applying bacteriophages has attracted attention many researchers because their advantages design development. Bact...

Objective: Health literacy is important for parents to correctly perceive and implement decisions about their children's health. of can affect understanding the requirements preventive treatments positive attitudes behaviors towards childhood vaccines. The global growth vaccine hesitations in recent years has led increasing concern at WHO. Therefore, level health may be experiencing hesitancy. ...

The advent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also known as COVID-19 disease and the dynamics its rapid spread around globe are unprecedented. Different preventive efforts have been undertaken in response to this global health challenge, amongst them, vaccine development, distribution dispensation is at forefront. Vaccines stimulate body’s immune system against inf...

Despite the universal importance of vaccines, approaches to human and veterinary vaccine evaluation differ markedly. For human vaccines, vaccine efficacy is the proportion of vaccinated individuals protected by the vaccine against a defined outcome under ideal conditions, whereas for veterinary vaccines the term is used for a range of measures of vaccine protection. The evaluation of vaccine ef...