Retrieving answer containing passages is a challenging task in Question Answering. In this paper, we describe a novel passage retrieval methodology using answer type profiles. Our methodology includes two steps: estimation and ranking. In the estimation step, answer type profiles are constructed from question-answer sentence pairs parallel corpus using a statistical alignment model. Each answer...

Inferring and Executing Programs for Visual Reasoning proposes a model for visual reasoning that consists of a program generator and an execution engine to avoid endto-end models. To show that the model actually learn which objects to focus on to answer the questions, the authors give a visualizations of the norm of the gradient of the sum of the predicted answer scores with respect to the fina...

Question and answer pairs in Community Question Answering (CQA) services are organized into hierarchical structures or taxonomies to facilitate users to find the answers for their questions conveniently. We observe that different CQA services have their own knowledge focus and used different taxonomies to organize their question and answer pairs in their archives. As there are no simple semanti...

The key question of this Letter is whether work can be extracted from a heat engine by using purely quantum mechanical information. If the answer is yes, what is its mathematical formula? First, by using a bipartite memory we show that the work extractable from a heat engine is bounded not only by the free energy change and the sum of the entropy change of an individual memory but also by the c...

We present an approach for computing intensional answers given a set of extensional answers returned as a result of a user query to an information system. Intensional answers are considered as descriptions of the actual answers in terms of properties they share and which can enhance a user’s understanding of the answer itself but also of the underlying knowledge base. In our approach, an intens...