Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is an environment-friendly and cost-efficient nitrogen-removal process currently applied to high-ammonium-loaded wastewaters such as anaerobic digester effluents. In these wastewaters, dissolved methane is also present and should be removed to prevent greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Potentially, another recently discovered microbial pathway,...

This document discusses some of the security problems and practical problems with the current Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) authentication for Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) messages. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Fo...

Measurements show that anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite (anammox) is a major pathway of fixed nitrogen removal in the anoxic zones of the open ocean. Anammox requires a source of ammonium, which under anoxic conditions could be supplied by the breakdown of sinking organic matter via heterotrophic denitrification. However, at many locations where anammox is measured, denitrification rat...

In this paper, we introduce the HashRF(p, q) algorithm for computing RF matrices of large binary, evolutionary tree collections. The novelty of our algorithm is that it can be used to compute arbitrarilysized (p × q) RF matrices without running into physical memory limitations. In this paper, we explore the performance of our HashRF(p, q) approach on 20,000 and 33,306 biological trees of 150 ta...

Electrocochleography (ECoG) has been an important tool in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease or endolymphatic hydrops. There are two methods employed, transtympanic and extratympanic. Many have regarded the results of these methods as being equally reliable. The purpose of this study is to determine any differences in sensitivity between the two methods. In this study patients with known endoly...

Simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) system was applied to treat the opto-electronic industrial wastewater in a 2.5L sequencing batch reactor. The characteristics of wastewater were low C/N ratio (≈ 0.2) with 100mg-COD/L and 567 mg NH(4)(+)-N/L. The experiment was carried out over 8 months in six different stages, where nitrogen loading rat...

Partial nitritation/anammox (PANAM) technologies have rapidly developed over the last decade, but still considerable amounts of energy are required for active aeration. In this study, a non-aerated two-stage PANAM process was investigated. In the first-stage upflow fixed-film bioreactor, nitratation could not be prevented at ammonium loading rates up to 186 mg N l(-1) d(-1) and low influent dis...

Oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) is a one-stage combination of partial nitritation and anammox, which can have a challenging process start-up. In this study, start-up strategies were tested for sequencing batch reactors (SBR), varying hydraulic parameters, i.e. volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and feeding regime, and salinity. Two sequential tests with two paralle...

Thermally modified timber (TMT) is increasingly offered in Europe as an alternative to preservative treated timber. TMT durability in field tests as well as its moisture sorption behaviour in façade application was determined so as to consider its suitability for outdoor use. Additionally, abrasion and crack-formation of TMT deckings were examined and the optical appearance of a TMT façade was ...

We examined the distribution of uncultured Planctomycetes phylotypes along depth profiles spanning the redox gradient of the Black Sea suboxic zone to gain insight into their respective ecological niches. Planctomycetes phylogeny correlated with depth and chemical profiles, implying similar metabolisms within phylogenetic groups. A suboxic zone sample was split into > 30 and < 30 μm fractions t...