Introduction Trauma is a leading cause of death in children in developed countries.1,2 In Africa, as in many developing countries where malnutrition and infectious diseases are leading causes of death in children, trauma may not be encountered as often by the surgeon. As developing countries improve the general health care of children with better nutrition and control of infectious disease vect...

Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy for human urogenital imaging has the potential to diagnose many important diseases, such as endometrial and prostate cancers. We have specifically developed a 12.7 mm diameter, rigid, side-scanning PA endoscopic probe for such applications. The key features of this endoscope are the streamlined structure for smooth cavity introduction and the proximal actuation mech...

Penile agenesis is one of the rarest urogenital anomalies with only less than 100 cases reported worldwide so far. Only 3 cases have been reported from Africa and to our knowledge none has been reported from our country Ethiopia. Viability depends on associated anomalies. Urogenital anomalies are the most common associated ones accounting for 54% of cases. This case report is unusual presentati...

The obstetric urogenital fi stula has caused women misery ever since they fi rst started delivering children. It was once common worldwide, but with the advent of safe obstetric care during the early part of the last century, the condition has become rare in rich countries. Urogenital fi stulae do still occur in developed countries, but unlike in the developing world, they are usually a complic...

Ependymoma constitute 5 % to 7 % of all primary CNS neoplasm. But their prevalence relative to other tumor type varies with patient age and presenting location. Ependymoma constitute approximately 1O % of intracranial neoplasm in pediatric population and up to 30 % of those encountered in children under 3 years of age. In spinal column, ependymoma constitute 60% of glial neoplasm, and opposed...