PURPOSE The internal (smooth muscle) and the external (rhabdosphincter striated muscle) urethral sphincters have important roles in the genesis of urethral closure pressure. The U-shaped pelvic floor puborectalis muscle is important in the closure of anal and vaginal orifices in humans. We defined the contribution of the puborectalis to urethral pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 11 f...

Background: Iatrogenic urethral injury is a well-known risk of urinary catheter insertion. Associated morbidities include stricture formation, catheter associated infection, risk for instrumentation, and extended length of stay. Yet, insufficient attention is paid to its prevention. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a computerized...

INTRODUCTION Bilateral semicircular canal aplasia is extremely rare; discovery, when the cochlear-vestibular system is normal and there is no hearing loss, is serendipitous. CASE REPORT Bilateral semicircular canal aplasia was serendipitously discovered in a 24-year-old male during assessment of unilateral mixed hearing loss with subnormal contralateral hearing. The deformity was isolated, wi...

Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is characterized by the combination of congenital scalp defects (aplasia cutis congenita) and terminal transverse limb defects of variable severity. It is believed that Adams-Oliver syndrome without major organ abnormalities does not necessarily alter the normal lifespan. We present a case without detectable major organ abnormality contrary to life but with poor weig...

Three unrelated children are reported with intrauterine proportionate growth retardation and facial dysmorphism (broad nose, flat malar area, large mouth, pointed chin), microcephaly, hypo/aplasia of the terminal fifth digits, and (sub)normal intelligence. Radiological findings include hypo/aplasia or fusion of the distal phalanges of the fifth finger and toe, brachymesophalangism V, and nail d...

Up to 1964 128 cases of congenital red cell aplasia had been reported (Table). All these were in Caucasian children and this was thought to be of genetic significance (Diamond, Allen, and Magill, 1961). Since then Khatua (1964) has described an 18-month-old Indian girl with red cell aplasia, whose chest radiograph showed an enlarged thymus gland, and who responded to steroids, while Shapiro, Wh...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, in newborns, with large defect of the diaphragm, are an extreme risk group and characterized by high mortality. We present our own experience successful surgical treatment a newborn aplasia left half diaphragm. The child was born State Institution «Institute Pediatrics, Obstetrics Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova National Academy Medical Scienc...

There is a possibility that unnecessary treatments and low-quality medical care, such as inappropriate indwelling urethral catheter use, are being provided to older Japanese individuals.The aim of this study was to investigate contextual effects relating to indwelling urethral catheters in older people with dementia and to clarify the effects of indwelling urethral catheter use on patients' mor...

BACKGROUND Urethral calculi are rare and usually encountered in males with urethral pathology. OBJECTIVE To present our experience managing urethral calculi in a resource limited centre and review the literature. METHODS We did a chart review of management of patients with urethral calculi between January and April 2009, at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Azare, Nigeria. We also reviewed the l...