based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open sp...

the present research has been done in response to one question: which approach can help reducing female poverty in region 18 tehran and thus achieving urban sustainable development index? moreover, basis on hypothesis: female job empowering project can effect on economic anti-poverty trend and therefore urban sustainable development. we referred and studied theories related to subject (such as:...

the findings of model proves the effects of educational levels as the most important factor on the probability of urban women's participation in the labor market .it is predicted , the increase of women's share with higher education (university degrees) will result in an annual increase equal to 0.5 percent in the rate of urban women's participation in the coming years. also, del...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that rural populations had lower uptake of screening mammography than urban populations in the Scottish and Australian setting. METHOD Scottish data are based upon information from the Scottish Breast Screening Programme Information System describing uptake among women residing within the NHS Highland Health Board area who were invited to attend for screening ...

A cross sectional study was conducted during May-June 2010 among woman of reproductive age group (15-45 years) in the urban and the rural areas of Bareilly District to asses the level of awareness regarding RTIs/STDs. The two stage cluster sampling technique was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the study participants during the house to house surveys. Each woman of repr...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether self-rated health status (SRH) and subjective health complaints (SHC) of urban Chinese women are associated with their health-promoting lifestyles (HPL). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 8142 eligible Chinese participants between 2012 and 2013. Demographic and SHC data were collected. Each subject completed the SRH questionnaire...

BACKGROUND There has been no population-based study on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence or its genotypes in Bangladesh; a country eligible for GAVI funding for HPV vaccine. METHODS We used baseline survey data of a prospective cohort study that was conducted in one urban and one rural area of Bangladesh. A total of 997 urban and 905 rural married women, aged 13 to 64 years, were enrolled...

INTRODUCTION Malnutrition is a serious public health problem, particularly in developing countries, linked to a substantial increase in the risk of mortality and morbidity. Women and young children are most often affected. Rural disadvantage is a known factor, but little attention has been paid to rural-urban disparity among women. To provide a reliable source of information for policy-makers, ...

Our objectives were to investigate patterns of food and nutrient consumption in Golestan province, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer (EC) in northern Iran. Twelve 24-h dietary recalls were administered during a 1-yr period to 131 healthy participants in a pilot cohort study. We compare here nutrient intake in Golestan with recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and lowest threshold intak...

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine nutritional status of pregnant women in different areas of Bangladesh by anthropometric and biochemical assessment. Measurement of body weight gain in different stages of pregnancy period was calculated as 20% and 14% severely malnourished, 54% and 30% moderately malnourished, 21% and 43% well nourished and 5% and 13% over malnourished ; hemogl...