Increasing anthropogenic pollution from urban centers and fossil fuel combustion can impact the carbon and nitrogen cycles in forests. To assess the impact of twentieth century anthropogenic pollution on forested system carbon and nitrogen cycles, variations in the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of tree-rings were measured. Individual annual growth rings in trees from six sites acros...

Among the hyphomycetous endoparasites destructive to eelworms that abound in slowly decaying plant materials, as well as in agar plate cultures earlier inoculated with partly decomposed vegetable detritus, Harposporium anguillulae Lohde emend. Zopf (1888) is observed much more frequently than allied forms. In seeking an explanation for this more frequent occurrence it would seem highly signific...

This paper describes a physiologically based toxicokinetic model for 1,3-butadiene uptake, distribution, and metabolic clearance in mice. Model parameters for metabolic activity were estimated from the correspondence between computer simulation studies and experimental results as published in the literature. The parameterized model was validated with independent literature data. With the result...

Focusing on urban–rural development issues, this paper analyzes the necessity of coordinated development between the narrowing gap and integral development. An overall urban–rural development dynamic model aimed at two major objectives is pointed out. A principal component analysis (PCA)—Grey Entropy measurement model is proposed to evaluate urban–rural coordination from economic development, s...

In this paper, the historical trend of urban growth and the associated drivers were examined through econometric analysis for the rapidly growing Grafton area in the State of Wisconsin. Specifically, panel data analysis was carried out to examine the drivers of urban growth such as demographic factors, location of jobs, travel time, housing types, property values, etc. Results reveal that panel...

The large variation in the share of land for open space across U.S. urban areas raises some interesting questions: a) what determines the amount of open space in an urban area? b) How does open space affect community characteristics such as housing prices and local property tax rates? and c) are existing amounts of open space across U.S. urban areas socially optimal? In this paper, we conduct t...

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Restriction on the supply of new urban land is commonly thought to raise the value of existing urban land. Our paper questions this view. We develop a tractable production-externalitybased circular city model in which firms and workers choose locations and intensity of land use. Consistent with evidence, the model implies exponentially decaying density and price gradients. For plausible paramet...

Surveys of arterial pressure carried out in rural and urban communities in Western Nigeria showed a steady rise in systolic values with age, this trend being less marked with diastolic pressures. Blood pressure levels were similar in women from rural and urban areas, but seemed much higher in urban than in rural men. The incidence of proteinuria was lowest in the female urban group. In general,...