if the precise implementation of the principle of proportion and:balance between the violation and the penalty as well as the other dimensions could be considered as a stick yard for the imptementation of justice any lack of preciseness in carrying out such principle would not indeed be much too far from injustice . naturally ,if it would be imagined that the objective of balance between...

Introduction: In this regard, one of the priorities of urban planning is improving citizen security. According to fast urbanism development, one of the managers and urban planners' concerns is increasing citizen sense. Sometimes physical proceedings such as protection, guarding, control are planned in urban spaces to achieve and intensification urban security, whereas increasing citizens' secur...

Expended Abstract Introduction: Urban neighborhoods are a symbol of urban poverty and its spread over time, mainly due to over-migrations, economic fluctuations, the rapid growth of urbanization, and the neglect of the housing and shelter needs of low-income groups. The World Commission for the Future of Cities in the 21st Century warned that, as urban superlife grows, urban poverty in souther...