OBJECTIVES To examine hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS) for infants aged <1 year in rural and urban counties, hypothesizing that infants living in rural counties experience significantly different hospital use compared with urban infants. METHODS Birth certificates for infants born in California hospitals between 1993 and 2005 and surviving to discharge were linked to hospital dischar...

results urban patients were more likely to receive supplementary information and being strongly encouraged by their nephrologists to seek transplant. all participants acknowledged “independence” as the main advantage of transplantation. increased freedom to travel and improved life expectancy were mentioned only among the urban groups. the main themes in all groups regarding perceived barriers ...

The patterns and characteristics of everyday life have been changing according to changes in social structure. However, South Korean apartment complexes as a representative urban housing type are still based on the Western tradition of modern working-class housing, and have been commodified in the context of consumer capitalism. Therefore, this research explores the contemporary lifestyles that...

The re-discovery of the urban environment as an important component of daily life induced an increased interest in methods for assessing the quality of open spaces with respect to their contribution to the quality of urban life. A wide range of studies ranging from field experiments up to the application of numerical models have been conducted in order to understand and predict the interactions...

The paper explores a framework combining remote sensing and spatial metrics aimed at improving the analysis and modeling of urban growth and land use change. While remote sensing data have been used in urban modeling and analysis for some time, the proposed combination of remote sensing and spatial metrics for that purpose is quite novel. Starting with a review of recent developments in each of...

IF Introduction sn IWWW fremner ‘I“ ™onsidered —rithmeti™ progressions on ellipti™ ™urvesF fremner ™onstru™ted ellipti™ ™urves with —rithmeti™ progressions of length UD iFeF r—tion—l points @X; Y A whose XE ™oordin—tes —re in —rithmeti™ progressionF sn — following p—per fremnerD ƒilverm—n —nd „z—n—kis ‘P“ showed th—t — su˜group of the ellipti™ ™urve E@QA with E X Y 2 a X@X 2 n 2 A of r—nk I doe...

BACKGROUND Urban-rural comparisons are of limited relevance in examining the effects of urban migration in developing countries where urbanisation is due to growth of existing urban populations, expansion of urban boundaries, and rural in-migration. Cultural, genetic and life-style backgrounds of migrants and host populations further limit the value of rural-urban comparisons. Therefore we eval...

Background Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) periphrastically has a significant impact on oral health. A recent study has shown the significant facts of the oral health-related quality of life based on many factors such as individual, social status, household management, daily habits, and local factors. The differences in the oral health status possibly occur in between countries, differen...