Almost all spiders building vertical orb webs face downwards when sitting on the hubs of their webs, and their webs exhibit an up-down size asymmetry, with the lower part of the capture area being larger than the upper. However, spiders of the genus Cyclosa, which all build vertical orb webs, exhibit inter- and intraspecific variation in orientation. In particular, Cyclosa ginnaga and C. argent...

We have explanted mouse blastocysts into culture dishes and studies the positioning of the inner cell mass (ICM) at the time of attachment in order to establish what effect the location of the inner cell mass has on the subsequent development of embryos in vitro. We show that blastocysts may attach to the substrate with any portion of the trophectoderm. The location of ICM within the attaching ...

The light environment of the mesopelagic realm of the ocean changes with both depth and viewer orientation, and this has probably driven the high diversity of visual adaptations found among its inhabitants. The mesopelagic 'cockeyed' squids of family Histioteuthidae have unusual eyes, as the left and right eyes are dimorphic in size, shape and sometimes lens pigmentation. This dimorphism may be...

The aim of this study was to develop a functional model of monofin swimming by assigning numerical forms to certain technique parameters. The precise determination of optimal foot displacement and monofin strain points toward a model aspect for increasing swimming speed. Eleven professional swimmers were filmed underwater. The kinematic data were then used as entry variable for an artificial ne...

Article history: Received 21 January 2015 Revised 13 August 2015 Accepted 12 January 2016 Available online 16 January 2016 We hypothesized participants would adopt diverging impression management strategies when interacting with lowerversus higher-status others, to disconfirm status-based stereotypes of their own respective coldness or incompetence. In Study 1, downward comparers downplayed the...

The importance and signatures of cosmic tau–(anti)neutrinos have been studied for upward– and downward–going µ − + µ + and hadronic shower event rates relevant for present and future underground water or ice detectors, utilizing the unique and reliable ultrasmall–x predictions of the dynamical (radiative) parton model. Cosmic ν τ + ¯ ν τ fluxes, together with their associated τ − + τ + fluxes, ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine social comparison in illness using a mixed-methods approach that combined inductive exploration of how people used social comparison in this self-help group with a quantitative study of social comparison processes and their relationship to quality of life. METHODS The qualitative study involved 15 semi-structured interviews with people with Méni...

This study investigates whether understanding up/down metaphors as well as semantically homologous literal sentences activates embodied representations online. Participants read orientational literal sentences (e.g., she climbed up the hill), metaphors (e.g., she climbed up in the company), and abstract sentences with similar meaning to the metaphors (e.g., she succeeded in the company). In Exp...