Modeling flow and solute transport in the unsaturated zone on the basis of the Richards equation requires specifying values for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water potential as a function of saturation. The objectives of the paper are to evaluate the design of a transient, radial, multi-step outflow experiment, and to determine unsaturated hydraulic parameters using inverse modeling. W...

The mitochondrial beta-oxidation system is one of the central metabolic pathways of energy metabolism in mammals. Enzyme defects in this pathway cause fatty acid oxidation disorders. To elucidate the role of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR) as an auxiliary enzyme in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, we created a DECR-deficient mouse line. In Decr(-/-) mice, the mitoch...

Oxygen, a key nutrient in alcoholic fermentation, is rapidly depleted during this process. Several pathways of oxygen utilization have been reported in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, namely synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, sterols and heme, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, the interaction between these pathways has not been investig...

Chiral bidentate hemi-labile bis(phosphine) monoxide ligands were shown to be quite effective in various copper-catalyzed transformations. Among them, the nucleophilic addition to imines, the conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated nitro derivatives, and the conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated sulfones generally gave good to excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses.

Unsaturated carbohydrate derivatives are useful intermediates in synthetic transformations leading to a variety of compounds. The aim of this review is to highlight the rich chemistry of ∆-2,3 unsaturated pyranosides, emphasizing the variety of transformations that have been carried out in these substrates during the last decade.

Carbene catalysed redox activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is applied for generation of α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums which undergo cyclopropanation upon reaction with a sulfur ylide and an alcohol to give the corresponding cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters. With chiral carbenes good to excellent diastereo and enantioselectivities are obtained.

Highly efficient DABCO-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketophosphonates or β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with allenic esters gives the corresponding highly functionalized tetrahydropyran and dihydropyran derivatives in good to excellent yields and moderate to good regioselectivities under mild conditions.

Bridgehead bicyclic unsaturated enamines were prepared by a tandem rhodium-catalyzed C-H bondactivation/alkenylation/electrocyclization of alkyne-tethered unsaturated imines. These strained bicyclic enamines exhibitunique reactivity: for example, they give N-Alkylated products upon treatment with alkylating reagents and undergo doublebond isomerization to alleviate ring strain upon ...

An efficient and high-yield procedure to prepare methyl N-benzoylamino-3-arylacrylates from unsaturated (Z)-2-aryl-4-arylidene-5-(4H)-oxazolones and Hg(OAc)2 in methanol is described herein. The observed reactivity of mercury(II) acetate here is different to its usual metallating behaviour, since it cleaves the unsaturated oxazolone ring without change of stereochemistry.

Ir-ReOx/SiO2 acted as a highly active and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated alcohols in water at low H2 pressure (0.8 MPa) and low temperature (303 K). The catalysis is derived from the synergy between Ir metal and ReOx.