Galls and tumor-like growths can be found on numerous marine macroalgae. These growths are characterized by cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy producing an abnormal unorganized cell proliferation. Host tissues involved are typically differentiated and are induced to become meristematic after infection. These growths are associated with bacteria, algae, fungi, various animals, and other agents.

Information available from the Net is unorganized, multimodal, and distributed on server sites all over the world. The number and variety of data sources and services increase dramatically every day. Furthermore, the availability, type, and reliability of information services are constantly changing. Information is ambiguous and possibly erroneous due to the dynamic nature of the information so...

Free form surfaces are commonly represented by triangular or quadrilateral meshes. Often these meshes are obtained from unorganized point sets sampled from some object’s surface. We show that local rather than global triangulations of point sets are equally well suited for object representations and that the local triangulations proposed in this paper may even lead to fast triangulation routines.

We present Turing's neural-network-like structures (unorganized machines) and compare them to Kau man's random boolean networks (RBN). Some characteristics of attractors are brie y presented. We then apply a self-organizing topology evolving algorithm to Turing's networks and show that the network evolves towards an average connectivity of KC = 2 for large systems (N !1).