Interpretation of Algebraic Polynomial Systems (Extended Abstract) Patrick Cousot 1 and Radhia Cousot 2 1 LIENS, ~cole Normale Sup4neure, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France [email protected] http://www.dmi.ens.fr/-cousot 2 LIX, CNRS & Ecole Polytechnique, 91140 Palaiseau cedex, France [email protected] http://lix.polytechnique.fr/-rcousot Abstract. We define a hierarchy of co...

According to the theory of Universal Grammar, the primary linguistic data guides children through an innately specified space of hypotheses. On this view, similarities between child-English and adult-German are as unsurprising as similarities between cousins who have never met. By contrast, experience-based approaches to language acquisition contend that child language matches the input, with n...

Two textbooks written by Lydia White, one published in 1989 and the other in 2003, introduce generative research on second language acquisition and evaluate existing proposals about the role of Universal Grammar. Comparison of the two texts provides an opportunity to examine some of the conventions the field uses in representing itself to a novice readership. It also brings to light certain asp...

To facilitate future research in unsupervised induction of syntactic structure and to standardize best-practices, we propose a tagset that consists of twelve universal part-ofspeech categories. In addition to the tagset, we develop a mapping from 25 different treebank tagsets to this universal set. As a result, when combined with the original treebank data, this universal tagset and mapping pro...

In this paper, we present a method for comparing Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars extracted from annotated corpora for three languages: English, Chinese and Korean. This method makes it possible to do a quantitative comparison between the syntactic structures of each language, thereby providing a way of testing the Universal Grammar Hypothesis, the foundation of modern linguistic theories. 1...

Cognition, language faculty, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, Transformational Generative Phrase Structure Rules, TransformationsThis review seeks to highlight Chomsky’s major contributions the field of linguistics. He changed linguists’ conception about nature language, from an externalized internalized approach. This shift also resulted in being thought as a cognitive phenomenon ...

We examine the beginning of acquisition relative order function and content words, a fundamental but cross-linguistically highly variable aspect grammar. A review existing empirical literature shows that infants as young 8 months age can distinguish between functors have rudimentary knowledge these two universal lexical categories in their native language. Furthermore, human adults non-human an...

In the earlier study “Code-Switching and Optimal Grammar of Bilingual Language Use” in 2011, we present a unified account language use multilingual communities using key insight OPTIMIZATION to capture variations between communities. This paper explores extensions implications our optimality-theoretic model grammars. We provide evidence indicating that vast array empirical facts bilingual (code...

Machine Translation (MT) is seen as a mapping from a source language string into a target language string via an internal representation. I restrict the internal representations to derivation trees that can be generated from context-free grammars (CFG). It is shown that there are more than n! possible representations for an input string of length 1 < n < 20. Given this untractable complexity of...

This paper sets out to find the defining characteristics of so-called expletive categories and consequences existence such has for Universal Grammar. Looking into different instantiations subjects impersonal pronouns, definite articles, negative markers plural in various natural languages, we reach following generalizations: (i) are deficient functional elements interpreted as introducing an id...