OBJECTIVES The prevalence of newborn hearing disorders is 1-3 per 1,000. Crucial for later outcome are correct diagnosis and effective treatment as soon as possible. With BERA and TEOAE low-risk techniques for early detection are available. Universal screening is recommended but not realised in most European health care systems. Aim of the study was to examine the scientific evidence of newborn...

Centile values and growth charts for height, weight and arm circumference are presented for school children aged six to 12 years in Shiraz (Iran). The smooth centile values have been derived from the raw data by Healy's nonparametric method. Girls grow faster than boys. Homogeneity of data with population structure and universal rationing imply that these norms are likely to be appropriate...

OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the cost-effectiveness of implementing 3 screening strategies to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among pregnant women in Chicago, Illinois: no screening, voluntary screening, and universal screening. METHODS A decision-analysis model was developed, using standard cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective. Reference case est...

Common inherited thrombophilic defects such as factor V Leiden and G20120A mutation of the prothrombin gene interact synergistically with oral contraceptives to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. 2 The best approach to identify women at higher risk of venous thromboembolism before taking oral contraceptives is controversial. Universal screening is not cost effective because 8000 women...

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have numerous adverse health consequences for the developing fetus, including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related effects, and therefore is a significant public health problem. A variety of programs have been developed to prevent drinking during pregnancy and the resulting health problems. Some of these efforts, such as public service announ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in our rural obstetric population and assess the appropriateness of selective vs. universal prenatal screening. METHODS Between April 1, 1991 and May 1, 1993, 1,587 patients were screened at their first prenatal visit using a C. trachomatis antigen test. Patients who were unmarried, younger than 20 yea...

The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss among infants in the neonatal intensive unit (NICU) is higher than in normal infants. This study determined the rate of hearing loss in healthy newborns and in NICU patients before hospital discharge at a single institution in the Eastern region of the United Arab Emirates; 96.5% of all eligible infants were screened. Hearing deficit was diagnosed in ...

The rate of listeria abortion in Tehran was investigated. Abortion samples (200) were cold enriched at 4°C and subcultured on selective culture media containing acriflavin, nalidixic acid and potassium thiocyanate. Sera of patients were tested serologically (IF method) for screening, and results were confirmed by culturing the positive samples. Antibody against L. mollocytogelles was obtain...

Background: Olive pomace, as the main by-product of the olive oil industry, is recently recycled as fermentation substrate for enzyme production.Objectives: Actinobacteria isolates were separated from an Algerian soil under olive pomace cultivation and were evaluated for their lignocellulolytic enzymes production.Materials and Methods: Isolates of Actinobacteria were separated from ...

IMPORTANCE Elevations in levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and, to a lesser extent, elevated triglyceride levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. OBJECTIVE To update the 2007 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid di...