This article is the first part of a review of investigations carried out until about 1990 into the role of mechanical ventilation in reducing wound sepsis in hospitals. It deals with the design of mechanical ventilation systems to reduce airborne microbe-carrying particles (MCPs), and mainly discusses unidirectional airflow (UDAF) systems. The second part will deal with the effect of mechanical...

This paper describes an ontology model (conceptual model) based on the ITU-T Recommendation G.805 for transport network architectures. The goal is to take a step forward to the autonomic applications for transport network operation and management. Besides the conceptual model description and explanation, including its main elements (classes, properties and constraints), this paper also includes...

To elucidate the early stages of heave, settlement and fracture of intact frost-susceptible rock by temperature cycling above and below 0°C, two physical modelling experiments were performed on 10 rectangular blocks 450 mm high of fine-grained, soft limestone. One experiment simulated 21 cycles of bidirectional freezing (upward and downward) of an active layer above permafrost, and the other si...

Natural fibre reinforced composite of pineapple and ramie unidirectional mats were fabricated through handlayup process curing compression molding process. Six samples the material with different combinations alternating fibres orientations tested for their mechanical properties. It was observed that stacking sequence, type orientation make a pronounced difference in The outer layer Ramie mat 4...

In this study, a novel numerical method is proposed for determination of mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, in multi-directional (MD) double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens using fracture properties of unidirectional DCB specimens. Two factors, β and Dc are defined to minimize the undesirable effects on strain energy release rate. β describes the difference between maximum and average...

this paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and gdp in six countries of the middle east , including iran,pakistan,saudi arabia,oman,bahrain and the united arab emirates. the data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and gdp.the empirical findings show a uni...

Depending on whether bidirectional links or unidirectional links are used for communications, the network topology under a given range assignment is either an undirected graph referred to as the bidirectional topology, or a directed graph referred to as the unidirectional topology. The Min-Power Bidirectional (resp., Unidirectional) k-Node Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimu...

Cooperative communications have the ability to induce spatial diversity, increase channel capacity, and attain broader cell coverage with single-antenna terminals. This thesis focuses on the performance study of both unidirectional and bidirectional cooperative diversity networks employing the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. For the unidirectional cooperative diversity network, we study the a...

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has emerged as a promising technology for use in backbone transport networks. In an IP/WDM network, the optical layer provides circuit-switched lightpath services to the client Internet protocol (IP) layer. The set of all the lightpaths in the optical layer defines the virtual topology. Since the optical switches (cross-connects) are reconfigurable, the vi...

Hydrophobins are a class of small proteins that fulfill a wide spectrum of functions in fungal growth and development. They do so by self-assembling into an amphipathic membrane at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. The SC3 hydrophobin of Schizophyllum commune is the best-studied hydrophobin. It assembles at the air-water interface into a membrane consisting of functional amyloid fibrils that ...